The Study for the Reinforced Composites of Textile Gradient Structure

Based on references, this paper further develops the composites of textile gradient structure, tests and analyses the mechanical properties of composites of gradient struture, moreover, makes a comparison between composites of gradient structure and common laminated composites.     

Polypyrrole‐magnetite dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction combined with ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry for the determination of rhodamine 6G and crystal violet in textile wastewater

Polypyrrole‐magnetite dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction method combined with ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry was developed for the determination of selected cationic dyes in textile wastewater. Polypyrrole‐magnetite was used as adsorbent due to its thermal stability, magnetic properties, and ability to adsorb Rhodamine 6G and crystal violet. Dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction parameters were optimized, including sample pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, and desorption solvent. The optimum polypyrrole‐magnetite dispersive micro‐solid phase‐extraction conditions were sample pH 8, 60 mg polypyrrole‐magnetite adsorbent, 5 min of extraction time, and acetonitrile as the desorption solvent. Under the optimized conditions, the polypyrrole‐magnetite dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction with ultraviolet‐visible method showed good linearity in the range of 0.05–7 mg/L (R ² > 0.9980). The method also showed a good limit of detection for the dyes (0.05 mg/L) and good analyte recoveries (97.4–111.3%) with relative standard deviations < 10%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of dyes in textile wastewater samples where the concentration found was 1.03 mg (RSD ±7.9%) and 1.13 mg/L (RSD ± 4.6%) for Rhodamine 6G and crystal violet, respectively. It can be concluded that this method can be adopted for the rapid extraction and determination of dyes at trace concentration levels.     

Thermally activated persulfate oxidation of Basic Fuchsin dye: Effect of different operating parameters,kinetic, and thermodynamic study

The present paper aims to investigate the efficiency of thermal activation persulfate in eliminating the organic dye “Basic Fuchsin” (BF). In addition, the study attempts to elucidate the effect of different operating parameters, such as persulfate dosage (0.44–4.4 mM), the initial solution pH of (3–10), and temperature (25–50°C), on the process. The effects of various anions and water matrices on BF discoloration were investigated. Thus, the findings revealed that 94.15% of BF can be eliminated using persulfate at a concentration of 4.4 mM and a temperature equal to 50°C. It occurs under the following operating conditions: oxidation time of 60 min, initial pH equal to 6, the pollutant concentration of 10 ppm, and stirring speed equal to 300 rpm. Furthermore, the kinetic study indicated that the degradation of the BF dye using PS followed a first-order pattern with rate constants varying within a range of 15.3 × 10⁻³–43.2 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy of the studied process was determined to be 29 kJ mol⁻¹, suggesting that a moderate activation energy is required for BF discoloration. The results of the thermodynamic study confirm that the oxidation process is non-spontaneous and endothermic. Coexisting inorganic anions delayed BF discoloration to varying degrees, and the inhibitory action followed the following order: carbonate > chloride > sulfate > nitrate. Organic pollutants oxidation by the thermal activation of the persulfate is a simple and effective method for the depollution of waste textile water.     

以印染废水为主的城镇污水处理厂锑污染来源特征分析

为研究以印染废水为主的城镇污水处理厂锑污染来源特征,对浙江省嘉善县某污水处理厂及纳管行业进行水体锑（Sb）的采样分析,同时对印染和喷水纺织两大行业的锑污染源进行分析.研究表明,在污水处理厂纳管废水中,印染行业废水占纳管总量的55.2%,排锑量占总量的79.3%,是该污水处理厂锑污染的主要来源;在印染生产过程中,布料中锑的平均流失量为7 mg·kg^-1,平均损失率为13%,污染物锑在退浆、水洗和染色工艺段中的释放量依次为：染色 > 退浆 > 水洗;喷水纺织织造工艺中锑的释放量较少,布料中锑的平均流失量为2.2 mg·kg^-1,平均损失率仅为2.1%;污水处理厂进出水、印染各工段废水和织造废水中,锑主要以Sb（V）形态存在.     

新型毛细管内固相萃取-气相色谱法检测纺织品中烷基酚类物质

建立了毛细管内固相萃取(SPE)-气相色谱(GC)检测纺织品中壬基酚和辛基酚含量的分析方法。通过比较4种性质不同固相萃取剂的萃取效果,筛选出对烷基酚(APs)类物质萃取效果最佳的固相萃取剂,将其作为填充物质制作毛细管内固相萃取柱,将毛细管内固相萃取法与气相色谱联用进行分析检测。最佳固相萃取剂为Abselut NEXUS,毛细管内固相萃取最佳条件为:1.2 μL甲醇和1.2 μL超纯水活化,1.2 μL甲醇洗脱,上样速率是0.4 μL/min。该法在较低浓度范围内呈现良好的线性相关性,对烷基酚的富集倍数约为100倍,对辛基酚和壬基酚的检出限分别为3.7 μg/L和4.5 μg/L,加标回收率分别为85.6%~98.2%和83.8%~95.7%,结果表明,此法能够简捷、迅速、有效地检测出纺织品中残留的烷基酚类物质。     

现代仪器分析技术在纺织品及皮革分析中的应用

现代分析技术以仪器分析为主,大量先进的现代仪器分析技术已经广泛地应用于纺织品及皮革分析。介绍了气相色谱（GC）、液相色谱（LC）、色谱质谱联用（GC-MS、LC-MS）、原子吸收（AAS）、电感耦合等离子发射光谱（ICP-OES）等现代仪器分析技术在纺织品及皮革分析中的研究进展与应用。     

超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱鉴别纺织品中禁用芳香胺及其异构体

针对目前纺织品中禁用偶氮染料检测中的假阳性问题,建立了一套应用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap）同时筛选24种禁用芳香胺及其常见的14种异构体的方法。样品经连二亚硫酸钠还原,叔丁基甲醚提取后,以水/甲醇（9/1,v/v）稀释定容,用ZORBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm）分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相,电喷雾正离子（ESI⁺）模式电离。以准分子离子峰的精确质量数和保留时间定性,以提取的色谱图峰面积定量。38种芳香胺的线性相关系数大于0.99,方法检出限为0.5~5 μg/kg。该方法可通过一次实验同时对24种禁用芳香胺及其常见的14种异构体准确定性定量,大大缩短检测周期,实际样品检测也进一步验证了其灵敏性和准确性。     

Biopolymere in textilen Anwendungen. Polylactid,Polyhydroxyalkanoate

Biopolymers represent an interesting class of polymers whose potential is not yet been fully realised. However, more recently, biopolymers are gaining impetus in the market. Among the biopolymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is being used successfully and is widely accepted because it is produced from natural raw material and is degradable. Furthermore, it has comparable properties to standard thermoplastic polymers and can also be processed using similar process channels as conventional thermoplastic synthetic materials. Biopolymer applications are manifold and range from foils, fruit and vegetable packaging to hygiene and medical products. It can be expected that in future the application spectrum of biopolymers will increase even further.     

Cr缓冲层对SmCo/Cu薄膜结构及形貌的影响

研究了不同厚度SmCo薄膜的结构以及Cr缓冲层对SmCo/Cu薄膜结构、形貌及性能的影响.结果表明,对于较厚的SmCo薄膜,延长退火时间可有效提高样品的结晶度;Cr缓冲层能够提高样品表面的平整度,降低SmCo平均晶粒尺寸,增强SmCo（002）衍射峰与Cu（111）衍射峰强度之比（R）,从而提高样品的磁性能.同时发现,SmCo/Cu薄膜的磁性能可以通过调节Cr缓冲层厚度进一步得到优化,其中通过调控缓冲层厚度提高R值,形成Cu（111）与SmCo（002）织构,是提高SmCo5/Cu薄膜磁性的关键所在.     

无破损测定纺织品中甲醛含量的方法研究

利用自主设计制造的甲醛吸收仪吸收纺织品中的甲醛,用分光光度法测定,建立了一种无破损检测纺织品中甲醛含量的新方法.该方法的定量下限（S/N=10）为10.9mg/kg,低于国家标准方法的最低检测浓度.最优化的测试条件:筒内温度45℃、转筒转速V＝12.5 r/min、吸收液（水）用量300 mL.结果表明:该实验方法用于较低浓度甲醛的测定方面较国家标准方法更加具有优越性.