纺织类高分子材料专业的实践教学

结合我院高分子材料与工程专业教学改革实践，分析和总结了实践教学现状、存在的困难和改革措施，提出一些新的尝试和改进方法。     

医用纺织品的实际应用

介绍了医用纺织品的分类、医用纺织品所使用的新材料及其性能,并指出其替代旧材料的优越性。     

唐代西南少数民族纺织业发展初探

唐代西南少数民族纺织品种类主要有丝织品、毛织品、麻织品、葛织品和树皮织品等。各少数民族历史进程不一，其纺织业在发展过程中充分利用了先进地区技术和劳动力。先进地区纺织技术水平较高，但落后民族纺织品质量并不低于经济发达地区。     

纺织类高校国家自然科学基金资助情况及科研竞争力分析

基于国家自然科学基金委网站科学基金网络信息系统平台,对7所具有纺织背景的高校在2006—2016年间获得国家自然科学基金资助的情况进行全面的统计分析,探讨了纺织背景高校近年来纺织学科的发展现状,客观评价了各高校纺织学科的学术影响力.研究结果显示:苏州大学和江南大学获得国家自然科学基金资助项目的数量和金额都明显高于其他高校,总体科研竞争力较强;武汉纺织大学、浙江理工大学和天津工业大学的纺织学科获得资助项目的数量和金额占比较高,其纺织学科科研竞争力强;综合性的纺织背景高校越来越倚重其他学科的发展,而对传统纺织技术创新性的研究很少,今后应在传统纺织技术上有所突破.     

Nanocrystalline cellulose/fluorinated polyacrylate latex via RAFT‐mediated surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization and its application as waterborne textile finishing agent

A simple method for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/fluorinated polyacrylate was developed by RAFT‐mediated surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization, in which the nanocomposites formed a core‐shell spherical morphology. The influence of the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) (AA was acrylic acid, HFBA was hexafluorobutyl acrylate) on the properties of latex and film were systematically studied. The monomer conversion, the tensile strength, and water–oil repellency of film increased first and then decreased, the latex particle size decreased first and then decreased, when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) increased from 1 to 6 wt %. Elongation at break and thermal stability distinctly decreased when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) gradually increased. XPS showed that the fluorine‐containing groups well concentrated at the film–air interfaces during the annealing process. SEM analysis revealed that the treated fiber had a rugged surface, and the treated fabric had an excellent water repellency. In addition, this green grafting method in water offered a new perspective for the fabrication of exceptional NCC‐based nanocomposites with NCC as the core and also helped to promote the potential applicability of NCC in a range of multipurpose applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1305–1314     

Melt spinning of propylene carbonate‐plasticized poly(acrylonitrile)‐co‐poly(methyl acrylate)

The primary use of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) fibers, commonly referred to as acrylic fibers, is in textile applications like clothing, furniture, carpets, and awnings. All commercially available PAN fibers are processed by solution spinning; however, alternative, more cost‐effective processes like melt spinning are still highly desired. Here, the melt spinning of PAN‐co‐poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) plasticized with propylene carbonate (PC) at 175°C is reported. The use of methyl acrylate (MA) as comonomer and PC as an external plasticizer renders the approach a combination of internal and external plasticization. Various mixtures of PAN and PC used in this work were examined by rheology, subjected to melt spinning, followed by discontinuous and continuous washing, respectively. The best fibers were derived from a PAN‐co‐PMA copolymer containing 8.1 mol‐% of MA having a number‐average molecular weight M _n of 34 000 g/mol, spun in the presence of 22.5 wt.‐% of PC. The resulting fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and were subjected to mechanical testing.     

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of a Novel Textile Pad for Wound Debridement

Various types of wound debridement approaches are currently available in clinical practice such as autolytie, enzymatic. biodebridement, mechanical, and surgical debridemenl techniques. A critical look at these various options can explain their potential but also their limitations. In this study, a novel textile pad, which is composed of polyester filaments on the fleecy side and a bioeompatible coating on the opposite side, was made to provide a safe, inexpensive, easier and especially more efficient debridement process that can be used in all healthcare settings by all healthcare practitioners. Eighteen kinds of samples were prepared with different pile density, ground yarn count and coating amount. Dimensional morphology, stitch density, mass per unit area and mechanical properties were investigated to study the intrinsic relationship of structure and properties of textile pad for wound debridement. Results showed that tensile strength and suturing strength at piped site increased obviously with the increment of ground yarn count, while the amount of coating could also have a slight impact on these two properties. However, compressive load was mainly affected by pile density, with no obvious relation to ground yarn count and coating amount.     

High sensitivity measurements of thermal properties of textile fabrics

A new testing apparatus is proposed to measure the thermal properties of fabrics made from polymeric materials. The calibration of the apparatus and the data acquisition procedure are considered in detail in order to measure thermal conductivity, resistance, absorption and diffusivity constants of the tested fabric samples. Differences between dry and wet fabrics have been carefully detected and analyzed. We have developed a new measurement protocol, the ThermoTex protocol, which agrees with the UNI EN 31092 standard and entails accurate quantification of the experimental errors according to a standard statistical analysis, thus allowing a rigorous investigation of the physical behavior of the phenomena involved. As a consequence, our equipment exhibits great potential for optimizing the thermal comfort of fabrics, according to the market demand, thanks to the possible development of a predictive phenomenological theory of the effects involved.     

悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱测定纺织废水中磷系阻燃剂

建立了悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱测定纺织废水中5种痕量磷系阻燃剂的方法。通过对萃取过程中萃取剂、分散剂的种类与体积、盐浓度、溶液pH值等对萃取效率的影响因素优化,确立了最佳萃取条件。采用了密度小于水的十一烷醇（400 μL）为萃取剂,甲醇（300 μL）为分散剂,控制溶液pH值在6~9之间,NaCl添加量为2 g,萃取时间为涡旋2 min。在优化的萃取条件下,该方法在2~100 μg/L均有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.995,除二（2,3-二溴丙基）磷酸酯（BIS）的检出限为5 μg/L外,三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）、三（1,3-二氯-异丙基）磷酸酯（TDCP）、三（1-氮丙啶基）氧化膦（TEPA）和三（2,3-二溴丙基）磷酸酯（TRIS）的检出限均为2 μg/L。后整理、染色和印花等实际废水样品加标试验表明,方法的平均回收率为71.6%~114.5%,RSD为2.7%~11.2%（n=6）。对11个样品进行检测,其中3个废水样品检出TCEP与TDCP化合物,含量为2.6~3.4 μg/L。本方法简单,快速,灵敏度好且环保绿色,能够对纺织废水中的5种痕量磷系阻燃剂进行准确的定性与定量检测。     

纺织纤维用于城市河道突发溢油污染的治理

针对城市河道突发溢油污染事件频发,河道内溢油污染快速迁移扩散,以及溢油拦截需联动快速响应的特点,采用3种市场易得、数量充足的纺织纤维材料作为吸油材料,进行了溢油吸附拦截实验研究.本研究探索了棉花、亚麻和大麻纤维对水面浮油的吸附速率、吸附能力以及河水温度对材料吸油能力的影响,并通过拟合分析,得到不同吸油条件下的等温吸附动...