One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydropyrroles from Terminal Alkynes,Azides, and Propargylic Alcohols by Relay Actions of Copper,Rhodium, and Gold

Relay actions of copper, rhodium, and gold formulate a one‐pot multistep pathway, which directly gives 2,5‐dihydropyrroles starting from terminal alkynes, sulfonyl azides, and propargylic alcohols. Initially, copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes with sulfonyl azides affords 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, which then react with propargylic alcohols under the catalysis of rhodium. The resulting alkenyl propargyl ethers subsequently undergo the thermal Claisen rearrangement to give α‐allenyl‐α‐amino ketones. Finally, a gold catalyst prompts 5‐endo cyclization to produce 2,5‐dihydropyrroles.     

Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Sonogashira Type Coupling of Alkynes with α-Bromoamides

An asymmetric copper-catalyzed Sonogashira type coupling between alkynes and α-bromoamides has been developed. This method represents a facile approach to synthetically useful β, γ-alkynyl amides from two readily available starting materials in a highly enantioselective manner. A Bisoxazoline diphenylanaline (BOPA) serves as the effective chiral ligand. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the formation of alkyl radical species .     

Terminal Alkyne Coupling Reactions Through a Ring: Effect of Ring Size on Rate and Regioselectivity

Terminal alkyne coupling reactions promoted by rhodium(I) complexes of macrocyclic NHC-based pincer ligands—which feature dodecamethylene, tetradecamethylene or hexadecamethylene wingtip linkers viz. [Rh(CNC-n)(C₂H₄)][BAr^F₄] (n=12, 14, 16; Ar^F=3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃)—have been investigated, using the bulky alkynes HC≡CtBu and HC≡CAr’ (Ar’=3,5-tBu₂C₆H₃) as substrates. These stoichiometric reactions proceed with formation of rhodium(III) alkynyl alkenyl derivatives and produce rhodium(I) complexes of conjugated 1,3-enynes by C−C bond reductive elimination through the annulus of the ancillary ligand. The intermediates are formed with orthogonal regioselectivity, with E-alkenyl complexes derived from HC≡CtBu and gem-alkenyl complexes derived from HC≡CAr’, and the reductive elimination step is appreciably affected by the ring size of the macrocycle. For the homocoupling of HC≡CtBu, E-tBuC≡CCH=CHtBu is produced via direct reductive elimination from the corresponding rhodium(III) alkynyl E-alkenyl derivatives with increasing efficacy as the ring is expanded. In contrast, direct reductive elimination of Ar'C≡CC(=CH₂)Ar’ is encumbered relative to head-to-head coupling of HC≡CAr’ and it is only with the largest macrocyclic ligand studied that the two processes are competitive. These results showcase how macrocyclic ligands can be used to interrogate the mechanism and tune the outcome of terminal alkyne coupling reactions, and are discussed with reference to catalytic reactions mediated by the acyclic homologue [Rh(CNC-Me)(C₂H₄)][BAr^F₄] and solvent effects.     

红外/毫米波复合制导信息处理方法及MPSoC实现

针对共口径红外/毫米波复合制导应用需求,提出一种基于自回归(AR)谱估计和扩展卡尔曼滤波的信息融合处理新方法,基于此方法构建了实现红外/毫米波复合制导信息处理的多处理器片上系统(multiprocessor SoC,MPSoC),该系统采用主/从流水线结构,解决了基于此系统框架的多核通信、系统同步等问题.所提多处理器片上系统在单片FPGA上实现,FPGA实测结果表明,目标融合预测轨迹和真实轨迹基本重合,误差不超过10-2 rad,航向角融合精度远高于毫米波雷达和红外的精度,取得了比较好的融合效果;在100MHz的时钟下,整个红外/毫米波复合制导的信号处理的处理时间不超过2ms,满足复合制导对系统的实时性要求.     

目标减速机动对穿甲弹命中概率的影响分析

分析现代坦克的火控系统及高速穿甲弹的技术特点,提出目标方采用减速机动来减少高速穿甲弹命中概率的方法.在此基础之上,建立了基于传统炮兵射击理论的命中概率模型,并研究了在此对抗过程中影响命中概率的因素.研究结果表明,利用这一方法降低命中概率是可行的,减少反应时间是目标方降低命中概率的最有效途径.     

末制导雷达干扰技术的系统仿真设计

在分析几种常见末制导雷达干扰技术实现过程特征的基础上,获得具有一定普适性的仿真场景抽象,提出了一种针对单脉冲末制导雷达干扰技术对抗仿真系统构建方法,给出了仿真实现的总体框架,并对具体实现过程中的位置更新、坐标变换、回波产生、波束调制等关键问题进行了论述.使用该方法,构建了多假目标拖引欺骗干扰仿真系统,对该干扰样式实现的主要参数进行了设计,并以距离拖引为例进行了验证.仿真结果验证了该仿真系统构建方法的正确性和有效性.     

某型末制导炮弹惯导陀螺动力学分析与仿真

目前国内外学者将惯导陀螺连同末制导炮弹弹体视作单刚体来研究,对于惯导陀螺内外框摆动角的确定是通过弹体坐标系、惯导陀螺坐标系和地面坐标系之间的转换关系推导出来的,并不能直接反应惯导陀螺内外框摆动的动力学规律.为了揭示惯导陀螺内外框摆动角变化的内在规律,得到多刚体条件下末制导炮弹角运动模型,首先进行基本假设、建立坐标系,其...     

航天飞机末端能量管理制导律

航天飞机在末端飞行时处于无动力状态,末端能量管理系统通过能量-射程剖面对飞行器实施制导,并对能量加以控制,引导飞行器到达安全的着陆窗口。本文根据能量控制原理给出了末端能量管理各飞行阶段的射程预测方法;确定了各飞行阶段的制导方法;并对整个制导律进行了仿真计算,仿真结果表明该制导律能满足自动着陆的要求。     

加强导读--高校图书馆的工作重点

论述了目前我国图书馆导读工作的不足,提出了加强图书馆导读工作的一些措施。     

路径诱导系统中综合地图匹配算法的研究

地图匹配算法对于车辆路径诱导和实时轨迹回放具有重要的应用,为了提供连续、精确和可靠的车辆行驶路段位置,利用定位传感器输出车辆运行位置信息,结合高精度空间道路网络数据,提出新的综合地图匹配算法.该算法不受地理环境的约束,能有效地修正传感器的定位误差,提高车辆定位精度.实际道路测试证明,该算法比现有地图算法更高准确度和实时性,尤其是在十字路口有更好匹配效果.