凝胶过滤色谱法测定泥鳅多糖的组成及分子量

从泥鳅粘液中分离提取到中性的粗多糖 ,采用凝胶过滤色谱柱在高效液相色谱仪上进行分离和测定 ,结果表明 ,该多糖由一个高聚糖 (MAP ,19 1% )和一个寡糖 (MAO ,80 9% )组成。用标准的Pullulan(P 112 0 0 0 ,P 4 730 0 ,P 2 2 80 0 ,P 5 90 0 ,P 2 70 0 )作标准曲线 ,测得其重均分子量分别为 130 2 5 2 (约 72 3个糖基 )和 15 39(约 9个糖基 )。粗多糖经SephadexG 10 0凝胶柱 (1cm× 5 0cm)过滤 ,分离得到纯化的MAP和MAO。     

Pore Sizes of Solids

A new, fast, and simple method based on size exclusion chromatography permits determination of the volumes of open and closed pores of rigid solids such as silica or porous glasses, together with the specific surface and the pore-size distribution for pore diameters ranging from 10 to 4000Å. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by classical methods (capillary condensation, mercury porosimetry).     

Flux decline behaviors in dead-end microfiltration of activated sludge and its supernatant

The properties of dead-end microfiltration were explored under constant pressure using two types of activated sludge controlled under the condition of different air flow rates. The activated sludge cultured at the air flow rate of 0.15 L min⁻¹ (the anaerobic condition) exhibited a significant flux decline compared with the case of the air flow rate of 2.33 L min⁻¹ (the aerobic condition). It was found from the results of microfiltration of the supernatant separated by centrifugation that the constituents in the supernatant caused a major cake resistance in microfiltration of the activated sludge. The average specific filtration resistance for filtration of the activated sludge was closely consistent with that for filtration of the supernatant at low pressure (49 kPa). However, the cake resistance of the microbial floc in microfiltration of the activated sludge became substantial with increasing filtration pressure because of high compressibility of the microbial floc. Moreover, the foulant and the fouling mechanism in microfiltration of the supernatant were evaluated from both microfiltration test of the supernatant and microfiltration test of the filtrate collected thereby. As a result, the effects of the pore size and material of the microfiltration membrane on the flux decline behaviors in dead-end microfiltration were reasonably elucidated.     

Electrochemical approaches to generation of phosphinidene complexes of tungsten pentacarbonyl

An alternative approach to synthesis of electrophilic terminal phosphinidene complexes of tungsten pentacarbonyl with various substituents at the phosphorus atom has been developed. The approach is based on the reaction of the electrochemically generated tungsten pentacarbonyl ion with trivalent phosphorus acyl chlorides. Electrochemical reduction of ethyldichlorophosphines in the presence of α-diimines is a one-step process that forms 1,3,2-diazaphospholenes containing an exocyclic P-C bond.     

Application of HPLC to measure vanadium in environmental,biological and clinical matrices

Vanadate and vanadium compounds exist in many environmental, biological and clinical matrices, and despite the need only limited progress has been made on the analysis of vanadium compounds. The vanadium coordination chemistry of different oxidation states is known, and the result of the characterization and speciation analysis depends on the subsequent chemistry and the methods of analysis. Many studies have used a range of methods for the characterization and determination of metal ions in a variety of materials. One successful technique is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that has been used mainly for measuring total vanadium level and metal speciation. Some cases have been reported where complexes of different oxidation states of vanadium have been separated by HPLC. Specifically reversed phase (RP) HPLC has frequently been used for the measurement of vanadium. Other HPLC methods such as normal phase, anion-exchange, cation-exchange, size exclusion and other RP-HPLC modes such as, ion-pair and micellar have been used to separate selected vanadium compounds. We will present a review that summarizes and critically analyzes the reported methods for analysis of vanadium salts and vanadium compounds in different sample matrices. We will compare various HPLC methods and modes including sample preparation, chelating reagents, mobile phase and detection methods. The comparison will allow us to identify the best analytical HPLC method and mode for measuring vanadium levels and what information such methods provide with regard to speciation and quantitation of the vanadium compounds.     

Size fractionation of aquatic colloids and particles by cross-flow filtration: analysis by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy

The suitability of the combined application of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the evaluation of the ability of cross-flow filtration (CFF) to perform adequate size fractionation of freshwater colloids and particles was examined. ESEM and SEM imaging provided reference images of the CFF-generated fractions and, in estimating the experimental cut-off diameter of the membrane, provided evidence that separation was not consistent with nominal pore sizes of the membranes. However, analysis of the images showed that size distribution of CFF-generated fractions and the estimated cut-off diameter of the membranes were dependent on the advantages and limitations of the two imaging techniques. With both ESEM and SEM, best estimates of size cut-offs were lower than the nominal pore size of the membrane in the case of 0.45 μm membranes, but roughly accurate in the case of 0.1 μm pore size membranes. The results also suggested that the effectiveness of CFF may benefit from a pre-separation step using a minimally perturbing technique such as split thin-flow fractionation. AFM demonstrated the presence of colloids smaller than 50 nm in all fractions including the retentates, showing that CFF fractionation is not fully quantitative and not based on size alone. The results indicate that previous studies investigating trace element partitioning using CFF may need re-evaluation as the importance of particles and large colloids may be over-estimated.     

Solubility of Solid 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene (Isoprene) in Liquid Argon and Nitrogen at the Standard Boiling Points of the Solvents

The solubility of solid 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene) in liquid argon at a temperature of 87.3 K and in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K has been measured by the filtration method. The hydrocarbon contents in solutions were determined using gas chromatography. GC–MS was used to identify impurities in the solute. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid isoprene in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (1.41 ± 0.27) × 10^–6 and (1.56 ± 0.36) × 10^–7 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The Preston–Prausnitz method was used for calculation of the solubilities of solid hydrocarbon in liquid argon in the temperature range 84.0–110.0 K and in liquid nitrogen from 64.0 to 90.0 K. The solvent–solute interaction parameters l ₁₂ were also calculated. At 90.0 K liquid argon is a better solvent for isoprene than is liquid nitrogen. The experimental values of the solubilities of isoprene in liquid argon and nitrogen were compared with results obtained for selected unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Solubility of Solid 2,3-Dimethylbutane and Cyclopentane in Liquid Argon and Nitrogen at the Standard Boiling Points of the Solvents

The solubilities of solid 2,3-dimethylbutane and cyclopentene in liquid argon at a temperature of 87.3 K and in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K have been measured by the filtration method. The hydrocarbon contents in solutions were determined using gas chromatography. GC–MS was used to identify impurities in solutes. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid 2,3-dimethyl-butane in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (8.26 ± 1.60) × 10^–6 and (2.77 ± 0.94) × 10^–8 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid cyclopentene in liquid argon at 87.3 K is (5.11 ± 0.44) × 10^–6 and (4.60 ± 0.76) × 10^–8 in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K. The Preston–Prausnitz method was used for calculation of the solubilities of solid hydrocarbons in liquid argon in the temperature range 84.0–110.0 K and in liquid nitrogen from 64.0 to 90.0 K. The solvent–solute interaction parameters l ₁₂ were also calculated. At 90.0 K liquid argon is a better solvent for investigated solid hydrocarbons than is liquid nitrogen.     

铜熔体的过滤脱氧

采用常用的脱氧剂对铜熔体脱氧时,残余的脱氧剂往往对其导电性能造成一定影响.实验研究了采用木炭过滤的方法对液态铜进行脱氧.结果表明,木炭过滤是一种非常有效的铜熔体脱氧方法,而且不会对熔体产生二次污染.此外,对过滤脱氧技术在废旧紫铜的回收利用方面进行了研究,在炉料中分别添加0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5和1.0(质量分数)的废旧铜丝后,净化后的试样中wO≤10×10-6,直径3mm铜丝的硬态电阻率不超过1.75μΩ·cm,满足无氧铜的技术要求.     

Thin-Client/Server架构在图书馆中的应用

结合Thin—Client／Server架构在图书馆信息系统的实际应用情况，分析图书馆应用自动化的技术要求及Thin—Client／Server架构的优缺点．针对该架构的优缺点搞好终端服务器运行、客户端设备使用以及网络连接的管理，有利于进一步提高Thin—Client／Server架构在图书馆的功用．