Immobilization and catalytic activity of lipase on mesoporous silica prepared from biocompatible gelatin organic template

Mesoporous silica (MPS) with high surface area (518.8 m²/g), tunable pore size (3.6-13.7 nm) was synthesized using inexpensive sodium silicate as the source of silica and the biodegradable gelatin as the structure directing agent. The amorphous mesostructures of the materials were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized MPS was then utilized as supports for immobilization of Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) by physical adsorption. The measurements of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrated that PPL had been adsorbed into the channels of the MPS. The immobilized PPL was used for catalyzing hydrolysis reaction of triacetin, and its correlative catalytic activity was studied. Compared with free PPL, the immobilized PPL possessed superior adaptability in alkaline range (pH = 7.0-9.0), good thermal stability and excellent reusability in phosphate buffer solution in hydrolysis reactions of triacetin. The results also indicated that the immobilized PPL maintained 45% of its initial activity even after being reused six times.     

Synthesis and attachment of silver nanowires on atomic force microscopy cantilevers for tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is based on the absorption of light by nanometer‐sized metal particles, resulting in large enhancement of the Raman signal. By replacing the metal particles by a metallic nanotip, the enhancement can be localized. The resulting tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is capable of measuring Raman spectra with high spatial resolution, effectively overcoming the diffraction limit. A successful tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy experiment depends heavily on the ability to fabricate tips of a definite metal with the appropriate shape and size, which is still a challenging process. We have prepared silver nanowires with a diameter of 200–300 nm by templated electrochemical deposition and attached them onto atomic force microscope cantilevers by focused electron beam induced deposition. We found that they produce a reproducible enhancement of the Raman signal intensity. Other metals and smaller nanostructures might also be produced, suggesting an interesting development potential for these novel nanoprobes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A BFGS trust-region method with a new nonmonotone technique for nonlinear equations

In this paper, we consider a trust-region method for solving nonlinear equations which employs a new nonmonotone technique. A strong nonmonotone strategy and a weaker nonmonotone strategy can be obtained by choosing the parameter adaptively. Thus, the disadvantages of the traditional nonmonotone strategy can be avoided. It does not need to compute the Jacobian matrix at every iteration, so that the workload and time are decreased. Theoretical analysis indicates that the new algorithm preserves the global convergence under classical assumptions. Moreover, superlinear and quadratic convergence are established under suitable conditions. Numerical experiments show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method for solving nonlinear equations.     

二氧化锰空心微球的制备及表征

以碳球为模板,高锰酸钾为锰源,成功地制备了粒径较为均一的二氧化锰球壳,通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）等手段对合成产品进行了表征,并考察了不同合成条件对空心球的影响。结果表明,合成的二氧化锰空心球粒径均一,壁厚可调。     

Templated growth of quasi-one dimensional molecular structures on Si(1 1 1)-(4 × 1)-In surface

Self-assembly of quasi-one dimensional pentacene molecular chains are realized on Si(1 1 1) surface using the atomic chain structures of the well-defined Si(1 1 1)-(4 × 1)-In surface reconstruction as templates. It is determined that the molecules are adsorbed between two neighboring In chains with their long axis perpendicular to the chain direction. The molecular chains are grown with periodicity commensurate with the lattice constant in the In atomic chains. Our positive results suggest that this approach might be applied to grow organic hetero-nanostructures on specifically decorated semiconductor surfaces.     

Controllable synthesis of Ag nanorods using a porous anodic aluminum oxide template

This paper describes a new approach to the synthesis of Ag nanorods. A solvothermal method was used to make Ag nanoparticles inside anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The nanoparticles were then annealed at 300 °C to produce Ag nanorods. The size of AAO templates, which is focused on in this study, would determine the diameter of Ag nanorods. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, a nanorod growth mechanism is deduced, and understanding of the growth of nanorods inside AAO templates is furthered. This work demonstrates that it is possible to make crystalline nanorods that the size can be varied.     

新型模板剂分子筛FeMCM-41的合成及催化活性

用松香为模板剂,采用水热合成法合成了FeMCM-41分子筛.研究了原料配比、pH、焙烧温度、晶化时间等因素对分子筛合成的影响;用合成的分子筛催化松香与正丁醇的酯化反应,研究了分子筛的催化活性.     

基于PVM平台的图像模板匹配并行化处理

图像匹配是图像分析中的重要内容.为提高运算速度,利用空域法中模板匹配的局部有限性,提出无损分割的方法并在PVM平台上实现并行处理.     

一类非单调自适应-BFGS信赖域算法

针对无约束优化问题,每次迭代充分利用当前迭代点及其一阶导数的信息自动生成一个信赖域半径,并结合BFGS算法的优点,构造了无约束优化问题的一种非单调自适应-BFGS算法.在一定条件下,给出了算法的全局收敛性以及具有超线性收敛速度的证明.     

基于活动模板的汽车牌照字符快速切分方法

根据蓝黑车牌的字符排列规则,提出了一种基于活动模板的蓝黑汽车牌照字符切分方法.该方法采用活动模板进行水平坐标的切分,再进一步采用双直线拟合的办法修正各个字符的垂直坐标.试验结果表明该方法对蓝黑车牌的字符切分具有较高的精确度,且满足实时性要求.