某桁架式桥梁检测车垂直臂刚架结构的拓扑及尺寸优化

以某桁架式桥梁检测车垂直臂为研究对象,利用ANSYS参数化设计语言建立了该垂直臂的三维实体参数化有限元模型,选择了三种典型工况对垂直臂进行了有限元静力结构分析。采用面面接触单元来模拟垂直臂与连接架滑块之间的滑动副,准确计算了垂直臂与滑块间的受力和变形情况。分析了垂直臂主管臂厚、弦杆臂厚以及拓扑结构参数弦杆分布密度对其强度、刚度的影响,为提高垂直臂构件的力学性能提供了理论依据。基于分析结果,选出了垂直臂的最佳几何构型并应用于实际产品。     

多级油缸及其设计计算

多级油缸可以做到柱塞总行程等于油缸长度的二至四倍.因此具有广阔的应用前景。本文以作者自行设计研制成功的双级油缸为例,详细提供了这种油缸的技术参数、结构及设计计算方法.为保证运动平稳性,作者在油缸内装有流量控制阀,并推导给出了其计算公式。 上述理论亦可应用于三级、四级油缸的设计计算。     

部分断面掘进机横向截割头的CAD研究

本文从实际截割工况入手,分析了横向截割头截割旷岩体的截割机理,并以此为基础论述了横向截割头参数优化和截割性能的模拟,为设计横向截割头提供了一种先进的CAD方法。     

Experimental investigation on tunnel sonic boom

Upon the entrance of a high-speed train into a relatively long train tunnel, compression waves are generated in front of the train. These compression waves subsequently coalesce into a weak shock wave so that a unpleasant sonic boom is emitted from the tunnel exit. In order to investigate the generation of the weak shock wave in train tunnels and the emission of the resulting sonic boom from the train tunnel exit and to search for methods for the reduction of these sonic booms, a 1300 scaled train tunnel simulator was constructed and simulation experiments were carried out using this facility.In the train tunnel simulator, an 18 mm dia. and 200 mm long plastic piston moves along a 40 mm dia. and 25 m long test section with speed ranging from 60 to 100 m/s. The tunnel simulator was tilted 8° to the floor so that the attenuation of the piston speed was not more than 10 % of its entrance speed. Pressure measurements along the tunnel simulator and holographic interferometric optical flow visualization of weak shock waves in the tunnel simulator clearly showed that compression waves, with propagation, coalesced into a weak shock wave. Although, for reduction of the sonic boom in prototype train tunnels, the installation of a hood at the entrance of the tunnels was known to be useful for their suppression, this effect was confirmed in the present experiment and found to be effective particularly for low piston speeds. The installation of a partially perforated wall at the exit of the tunnel simulator was found to smear pressure gradients at the shock. This effect is significant for higher piston speeds. Throughout the series of train tunnel simulator experiments, the combination of both the entrance hood and the perforated wall significantly reduces shock overpressures for piston speeds ofu _p ranging from 60 to 100 m/s. These experimental findings were then applied to a real train tunnel and good agreement was obtained between the tunnel simulator result and the real tunnel measurements.     

轮胎硫化异步胀缩内模具的设计

提出一种基于轮胎直压硫化工艺技术的轮胎硫化异步胀缩内模具设计方案。首先针对斜楔式内模具的局限性,设计了一种适用于尺寸较小、扁平比较大的异步胀缩伸缩方式轮胎硫化内模具,以205/40R17规格轮胎进行新内模设计,并结合不干涉条件和几何特性分析建立约束方程,确定了异步胀缩内模具的尺寸参数;在此基础上,为确保异步胀缩内模具的可靠性,对硫化压力状态下内模具的关键部件进行了强度校核。     

Pendulation Reduction in Boom Cranes Using Cable Length Manipulation

A technique is proposed to reduce payload pendulations using the reelingand unreeling of the hoisting cable. The payload is modeled as a pointmass, the cable is modeled as a rigid link, and the assembly, aspherical pendulum, is attached to the boom tip. An excitation isapplied to the assembly at the boom tip. The motion of the payload isdescribed using two-dimensional and three-dimensional models. Ourresults demonstrate that cable-length manipulation can be used to reducepayload pendulations due to near-resonance excitations. Significantreductions can be obtained via an appropriate choice of thereeling/unreeling speed. We also demonstrate the limitations inherent intwo-dimensional modelings of a crane.     

Cargo Pendulation Reduction of Ship-Mounted Cranes

Ship-mounted cranes are used to transfer cargo from large container ships to smaller lighters when deep-water ports are not available. The wave-induced motion of the crane ship can produce large pendulations of the cargo being hoisted and cause operations to be suspended. In this work, we show that it is possible to reduce these pendulations significantly by controlling the slew and luff angles of the boom. Such a control can be achieved with the heavy equipment that is already part of the crane so that retrofitting existing cranes would require a small effort. Moreover, the control is superimposed on the commands of the operator transparently. The successful control strategy is based on delayed feedback of the angles of the cargo-hoisting cable in and out of the plane of the boom and crane tower. Its effectiveness is demonstrated in a fully nonlinear three-dimensional computer simulation and in an experiment with a 1/24th-scale model of a T-ACS (The Auxiliary Crane Ship) crane mounted on a platform moving with three degrees of freedom. The results demonstrate that the pendulations can be significantly reduced, and therefore the range of sea conditions in which cargo-transfer operations can take place can be greatly expanded.     

基于渥拉斯顿棱镜的单路实时偏振成像系统设计

针对非实时成像中动态场景偏振探测产生的虚假偏振信息问题,充分利用渥拉斯顿棱镜的分光特性,设计了一种新型实时偏振成像系统.采用像方远心望远透镜系统、准直透镜系统并设计匹配的成像镜系统,在单探测器阵列上同时获取偏振态相互垂直的两幅偏振图像.通过全系统联动设计与优化,系统的调制传递函数在截止频率处不小于0.55,全系统弥散斑均方根半径小于5.3μm,即小于探测器像元尺寸,满足成像设计要求.仿真结果证明该成像系统可有效解决传统分振幅偏振成像系统的实时性差的不足,分孔径偏振成像系统的能量利用率和分辨率低的问题以及偏振焦平面方法中光路串扰的缺陷,应用前景广阔.     

基于混合网格的低声爆反设计方法研究

低声爆设计方法已成为新一代军民用超声速飞机研制过程中必须解决的关键难题之一。针对传统SGD低声爆外形反设计方法无法对声爆近场非线性效应进行描述和分析的缺点,提出了利用CFD方法求解得到的声爆近场压力分布代替F函数进行低声爆反设计的方法。声爆近场预测采用点-点对接的结构/非结构混合网格,充分利用非结构网格对复杂外形适应性强和结构化网格计算效率高的优点。结果分析表明,基于改进后的低声爆反设计方法得到的方案在声爆超压以及感觉噪声级等方面都比基于原始SGD方法得到的方案有较大改善。     

悬臂式掘进机截割轨迹可视化监控

为解决悬臂式掘进机工作时产生的超挖和欠挖问题,设计了悬臂式掘进机截割过程可视化监控系统.该系统采用PC_Based Control技术的设计思想,建立了掘进机的截割坐标系,并给出了截割断面超限报警限的确定方法.利用数据采集卡PCI-1711L及VB可视化语言实现了悬臂式掘进机截割轨迹的可视化监控.该系统使操作者可以观察到截割头实际工作位置,从而减小超挖和欠挖,降低巷道施工成本,提高施工质量.