机动目标跟踪中机动频率的自适应调整

研究机动目标跟踪过程中机动频率的自适应调整方法,使其值更加符合目标的实际机动状况.根据卡尔曼滤波残差是否符合零均值正态分布,判断目标机动频率是否发生改变,并采用简化的最小均方误差(LMS)算法对机动频率加以自适应调整.仿真实验表明,通过对频率自适应调整,使机动目标的位置、速度估计误差明显减小.     

引信近场目标特性集成仿真系统设计

通过对引信近场特性仿真系统的可行性研究和系统需求分析,建立了集成化系统的功能框架,并基于系统框架完成了仿真系统总体设计;在分析仿真系统对数据库的需求基础上,完成了目标特性数据库的设计;在系统功能实现流程图的基础上,通过中间接口软件设计实现了数据库与通用电路仿真软件的集成,从而实现电引信的电路级仿真.     

“目标教学”在高校体育课程改革中的应用——公体排球教学中的实验研究

通过在普通高校公体排球教学中运用“目标教学”理论,结合高校体育教学的实际,从课时具体目标入手,发挥教学目标的导向、激励作用,注重情感素材的挖掘、积极情绪的调动,推动了学生知识、技能的掌握和提高,收到了事半功倍的教学效果.     

基于瑞利熵的多无源传感器数据关联算法

针对当前多无源传感器数据关联算法构造关联代价时,未考虑位置估计不确定性所引入的误差,提出一种基于位置估计不确定性的被动传感器数据关联算法。首先通过量测与伪量测概率密度函数之间的瑞利熵构建关联代价函数,以准确描述两个相似的概率密度函数之间差异,然后通过具体实验测试本文算法的有效性和优越性。实验结果表明,相对于当前经典的数据关联算法,本文算法提高了数据关联的正确率和速度,具有更高的实际应用价值。     

基于小波高频距离像的红外小目标检测

针对远距离复杂背景下红外小目标检测问题,本文提出了一种基于小波高频距离像的方法。该方法首先将处理空间变换到小波域,通过分析残留背景、目标和噪声系数在高频子带的差异,定义基于邻域均值的子带系数表达形式,构造高频子带系数的中心向量,对小波高频图像进行综合形成距离像,得到红外复杂背景的抑制结果。在此基础上,利用恒虚警率算法将单帧背景抑制图像分割成候选目标、残留背景和噪声像素点。最后,在时间域基于目标运动的相关性,利用管道滤波实现红外小目标的最终检测。仿真实验结果表明,相对于经典算法,本文方法可以实现对红外复杂背景的有效抑制,增强目标信号的强度,准确稳定的从红外复杂背景中检测出小目标。     

一种改进的三帧差分运动目标实时检测算法

针对传统的三帧差分法提取的运动目标存在大量的噪声和空洞,提出了一种改进的三帧差分运动目标实时检测算法。该算法采用Surendra背景提取算法提取有效背景,对视频流中连续的三帧图像分别进行背景减除,得到的结果作为反馈对背景进行选择性更新,利用HSV颜色空间去除阴影后进行三帧差分,将差分结果进行“与”运行,通过将中间帧背景减除结果与“与”运算的结果进行“或”运算,这样可以得到运动目标的完整信息。实验结果表明,该算法能够快速、完整、准确地检测出运动目标,可有效应用于实时监控系统。     

黑腔冷冻靶传热与自然对流的数值模拟研究

惯性约束聚变的设计要求在靶丸内形成均匀光滑的氘氚冰层, 靶丸周围的热环境对冰层的质量特别是低阶粗糙度有很大的影响. 本文对自主研发的黑腔冷冻靶实验装置中的热物理问题展开了数值模拟, 重点考察了黑腔冷冻靶的传热和流体力学特性. 通过参数分析得到了自然对流对靶丸温度均匀性产生影响的临界条件. 比较了黑腔不同布置朝向时的流场和温度分布, 结果显示黑腔水平布置时自然对流更加强烈, 造成的靶丸温度不均匀性也更大. 在此基础上, 讨论了消除自然对流影响的可能性, 结果发现仅当黑腔垂直布置时利用黑腔分区方法能够消除对流效应对靶丸温度不均匀性的影响而黑腔水平布置时不能消除. 研究结论对于实验中冷冻靶结构的设计、改进和实验的开展等具有指导意义.     

Computer-aided design and discovery of protein–protein interaction inhibitors as agents for anti-HIV therapy

Protein–protein interactions (PPI) are involved in most of the essential processes that occur in organisms. In recent years, PPI have become the object of increasing attention in drug discovery, particularly for anti-HIV drugs. Although the use of combinations of existing drugs, termed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has revolutionized the treatment of HIV/AIDS, problems with these agents, such as the rapid emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants and serious adverse effects, have highlighted the need for further discovery of new drugs and new targets. Numerous investigations have shown that PPI play a key role in the virus’s life cycle and that blocking or modulating them has a significant therapeutic potential. Here we summarize the recent progress in computer-aided design of PPI inhibitors, mainly focusing on the selection of the drug targets (HIV enzymes and virus entry machinery) and the utilization of peptides and small molecules to prevent a variety of protein–protein interactions (viral–viral or viral–host) that play a vital role in the progression of HIV infection.     

Redesigning the DNA‐Targeted Chromophore in Platinum–Acridine Anticancer Agents: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study

Platinum–acridine hybrid agents show low‐nanomolar potency in chemoresistant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but high systemic toxicity in vivo. To reduce the promiscuous genotoxicity of these agents and improve their pharmacological properties, a modular build–click–screen approach was used to evaluate a small library of twenty hybrid agents containing truncated and extended chromophores of varying basicities. Selected derivatives were resynthesized and tested in five NSCLC cell lines representing large cell, squamous cell, and adenocarcinomas. 7‐Aminobenz[c]acridine was identified as a promising scaffold in a hybrid agent ( P1–B1 ) that maintained submicromolar activity in several of the DNA‐repair proficient and p53‐mutant cancer models, while showing improved tolerability in mice by 32‐fold compared to the parent platinum–acridine ( P1–A1 ). The distribution and DNA/RNA adduct levels produced by the acridine‐ and benz[c]acridine‐based analogues in NCI‐H460 cells (confocal microscopy, ICP‐MS), and their ability to bind G‐quadruplex forming DNA sequences (CD spectroscopy, HR‐ESMS) were studied. P1–B1 emerges as a less genotoxic, more tolerable, and potentially more target‐selective hybrid agent than P1–A1 .     

Probing the Anticancer Mechanism of (−)‐Ainsliatrimer A through Diverted Total Synthesis and Bioorthogonal Ligation

Herein, we report an efficient approach for exploring the novel anticancer mechanism of (?)‐ainsliatrimer A, a structurally complex and unique trimeric sesquiterpenoid, through a combined strategy of diverted total synthesis (DTS) and bioorthogonal ligation (TQ ligation), which allowed us to visualize the subcellular localization of this natural product in live cells. Further biochemical studies facilitated by pretarget imaging revealed that PPARγ, a nucleus receptor, was a functional cellular target of ainsliatrimer A. We also confirmed that the anticancer activity of ainsliatrimer A was caused by the activation of PPARγ.