基于光子数目比较的激光测距法

提出了一种新颖的激光测距方法。该方法避开了传统激光测距法中使用复杂辅助电子设备对脉冲计时或比较相位差的过程,而主要通过光学手段分析和提取待测距离信息,最终通过比较大量光子数目的方法求得待测距离。并利用单轴晶体的双折射和全内双反射性质,用特殊结构的单块LiNbO3晶体设计了实施该方法的主体装置。结果表明,该激光测距法同目前普遍使用的激光测距法相比,不但简化了结构,而且有很高的测距精度,从而为激光测距开拓了一种新的思路。     

宽频带激光自由空间传输的调制特性研究

基于惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式,研究了宽带光束在菲涅耳衍射区的自由空间传输特性,得到宽带光束传输的调制深度与光束带宽Δλ及菲涅耳数F的变化关系。结果表明:一定的带宽对光束的均匀性有适当的改善;当光束的带宽Δλ<2λ0/F时,带宽越大,光束越均匀;当带宽满足条件Δλ=2λ0/F时,菲涅耳衍射完全消失;在一定的菲涅耳数范围内,宽带光束的调制深度随菲涅耳数振荡变化,振荡曲线的主极大值和次极大值分别出现在菲涅耳数为奇数和偶数处,而极小值则出现在菲涅耳数F=2k±1/3(k=1,2,3,…)处,在极小值处光束的均匀性最好。     

FPGA-Implemented Fractal Decoder with Forward Error Correction in Short-Reach Optical Interconnects

Forward error correction (FEC) codes combined with high-order modulator formats, i.e., coded modulation (CM), are essential in optical communication networks to achieve highly efficient and reliable communication. The task of providing additional error control in the design of CM systems with high-performance requirements remains urgent. As an additional control of CM systems, we propose to use indivisible error detection codes based on a positional number system. In this work, we evaluated the indivisible code using the average probability method (APM) for the binary symmetric channel (BSC), which has the simplicity, versatility and reliability of the estimate, which is close to reality. The APM allows for evaluation and compares indivisible codes according to parameters of correct transmission, and detectable and undetectable errors. Indivisible codes allow for the end-to-end (E2E) control of the transmission and processing of information in digital systems and design devices with a regular structure and high speed. This study researched a fractal decoder device for additional error control, implemented in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) software with FEC for short-reach optical interconnects with multilevel pulse amplitude (PAM-M) modulated with Gray code mapping. Indivisible codes with natural redundancy require far fewer hardware costs to develop and implement encoding and decoding devices with a sufficiently high error detection efficiency. We achieved a reduction in hardware costs for a fractal decoder by using the fractal property of the indivisible code from 10% to 30% for different n while receiving the reciprocal of the golden ratio.     

窄带滤光片精确波长激光器高频调制特性研究

采用窄带滤光片作为选频元件对精确波长激光器高频调制特性进行了小信号分析.优化设计了外腔长度,兼顾了激光器的阈值特性和工作稳定性;给出了适用于外腔情况的光子寿命表达式;讨论了外腔反射率、管芯与外腔耦合效率以及外腔长度对光子寿命的影响.数值分析结果表明该类型激光器的调制响应特性主要取决于等效光子寿命,受偏置电流影响不大.当外腔反射率为72%,管芯与外腔耦合效率为80%,等效外腔长度为9.7 mm时,光子寿命为100 ps,激光器的调制带宽约为2 GHz,适合于以太网无源光网络中波分多址技术应用的需要.     

高频PWM DC/DC 转换器设计

设计了一种基于2．5μm 40V双极工艺的高频低功耗的PWM升压型DC／DC转换芯片．采用了恒定频率、电流模式的控制结构以提供优秀的电源和负载稳压．同时内部的电流监视电路可以保护功率开关以及连接到芯片上的外部元件．通过对开关脉冲宽度的调节,加快了升压速度,减小了稳压状态的输出纹波,提高了转换效率．仿真结果表明,在2．7～12．0V的输入电压范围内,芯片的开关频率为1．2MHz,开关电流限制值为1．2A,转换效率可达85％以上．使用很小体积的外围元件就可获得满意的输出纹波,在很小的电路板面积上产生大电流输出,降低了电路尺寸和成本．     

级联型多电平变流器控制策略的比较和分析

介绍了阶梯波、载波相移脉宽调制和分段SPWM调制等几种级联型多电平变流器的控制策略,并对它们的优缺点进行了分析和比较,并指出了分段SPWM控制策略是另外两种方法的一种折中方案,它综合了阶梯波和载波相移PWM调制方法的优点,既可以减少开关损耗,又可以使得输出波形性能满足要求.最后给出了几种控制策略产生的输出波形的谐波频谱,验证了分段SPWM方案的可行性和分析的正确性.     

基于AD9854的多功能信号源设计

为了实现高性价比、低相噪和低杂散的数字化信号源,提出了以直接数字频率合成芯片AD9854为核心的设计方案.系统最大限度地挖掘了AD9854的潜力,将数字信号处理器、可编程逻辑器件和先进先出存储器与AD9854紧密结合,输出正弦信号的最高频率为110 MHz、谐波失真小于-30 dBc.能够完成调幅、调频和频移键控等调制功能.     

用软件无线电实现MPSK自适应调制

自适应调制能够根据信道的时变性达到很高的传输速率和进行合理的功率分配.同时,它需要自适应调整调制模式级别M.采用软件方式在DSP板上能够实现MPSK的调制、解调功能和调制模式M的识别,替代在硬件之间进行切换的繁琐模式.调制器根据星座图和已知的调制级别在己存储的波形中挑选对应的调制波形,解调器在信号同步的情况下通过使用最小均方进行解调,同时进行M模式识别.模拟结果显示用软件无线电方式实现MPSK自适应调制是一条简捷快速的途径.特别在自适应调制中加入LDPC(低密度校验码)编码和一种新的结合BP和list-based SI HO解码后,系统性能更为优异.     

h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体能带特性研究

六方氮化硼(h-BN)晶格结构是一种类六方对称复式超晶格结构。具有h-BN晶格构型的光子晶体以其宽光子带隙特点受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文利用不同尺度低压气体放电管与Al₂O₃介质棒周期性排列,构建了新型h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体,实现其空间结构和等离子体参数的动态调控。利用微波透射谱对比研究了h-BN型超晶格与简单三角晶格等离子体光子晶体禁带位置、宽度和数目。分析了放电电流、介质棒阵列数对不同频段光子带隙的影响,以及电磁波入射角度对电磁传输特性的影响。结果表明：等离子体的引入不仅能够形成新的光子带隙,而且可以选择性地使部分禁带位置发生移动;相对于简单三角晶格,h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体呈现出更多光子带隙;Al₂O₃介质棒阵列数对等离子体光子晶体禁带位置、宽度和数目均具有重要影响。电磁波入射角度变化越大,电磁传输特性差别越显著,透射谱相关性越差。本文所设计的新型h-BN型超晶格等离子体光子晶体为制作可调谐光子晶体提供了新的思路,在微波和太赫兹波控制领域具有潜在应用价值。     

Numerical analysis of swirling turbulent droplet-laden flow and heat transfer in a sudden pipe expansion

The effect of swirling intensity on the structure and heat transfer of a turbulent gas–droplet flow after a sudden pipe expansion has been numerically simulated. Air is used as the carrier phase, and water, ethanol, and acetone are used as the dispersed phase. The Eulerian approach is applied to simulate the dynamics and heat transfer in the dispersed phase. The gas phase is described by a system of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, taking into account the effect of droplets on mean transport and turbulent characteristics in the carrier phase. Gas phase turbulence is predicted using the second-moment closure. A swirling droplet-laden flow is characterized by an increase in the number of small particles on the pipe axis due to their accumulation in the zone of flow recirculation and the action of the turbulent migration (turbophoresis) force. A rapid dispersion of fine droplets over the pipe cross-section is observed without swirling. With an increase in swirling intensity, a significant reduction in the length of the separation region occurs. The swirling of a two-phase flow with liquid droplets leads to an increase in the level of turbulence for all three types of liquid droplets investigated in this work due to their intensive evaporation. It is shown that the addition of droplets leads to a significant increase in heat transfer in comparison with a single-phase swirling flow. The greatest effect of flow swirling on heat transfer intensification in a two-phase gas-droplet flow is obtained for the droplets of ethanol and water and smallest effect is for the acetone droplets.