关于水面形状的分析

对以恒加速度沿光滑平面运动的无盖水箱中的水面形状进行了具体分析,并给出了计算水箱中水稳定时液面与水平面夹角的公式·     

宽带钢热连轧工作辊热辊形模型

实现工作辊热辊形的在线预报是板形控制的难题之一.采用一维有限差分方法建立了工作辊热辊形在线计算模型,并利用该模型计算了热轧过程中和下机后任意时刻工作辊温度场及其热辊形.仿真和在线应用结果表明,此在线模型计算速度快,精度高,能满足板形在线过程控制的需要.     

中心裂纹圆盘裂纹形状尺寸对应力强度因子的影响

采用有限元数值分析方法 ,分析了由脆性材料制成的中心裂纹圆盘试件 ,在复合模式加载条件下裂纹形状尺寸 ,尤其是裂纹宽度和中心小孔半径对应力强度因子的影响 .结果表明 :槽式和槽孔组合式裂纹圆盘试件 ,其I型无量纲应力强度因子FⅠ均比按理想裂纹推出的解析解大 ,而Ⅱ型无量纲应力强度因子FⅡ 均比解析解小 ;随着加载角度增加 ,FⅠ 的数值解与解析解的差值逐渐变小 ,而FⅡ 的差值逐渐变大 ;同时 ,随着裂纹槽宽度或中心小孔半径的增加 ,应力强度因子数值解与解析解之差逐步增加 .依据数值分析的结果 ,给出了这两类试件相对于理想中心裂纹圆盘试件应力强度因子解析解的修正公式 .     

浙江朱家尖岛砾石海滩沉积物分布及形态特征

砾石海滩是波浪作用下形成的海岸地貌类型，在浙江朱家尖岛的大乌石塘和小乌石塘两处口袋状砾石滩，采集了砾石滩不同部位的沉积物样品．根据样品的粒度分析和颗粒形态分析，发现砾石滩沉积物粒度参数及砾石形态参数在横向和纵向上的分布特征为：横向上，砾石平均粒径由陆向海递减，分选变好，扁长度及杆状程度由砾石堤顶部向海递增，球度以潮间带为最低；纵向上，大乌石塘砾石粒径由湾顶向南北两个方向递减，分选变好，球度降低，杆状程度提高，而小乌石塘砾石粒径由海滩南部向北递减，分选先变好再变差，球度减小，扁长度及杆状程度提高．小乌石塘海滩顶部砾石对应的水深为5m、周期为10s临界起动轨迹流速和临界波高分别为3．28m／s和4．84m，大乌石塘的临界起动轨迹流速、临界波高分别为3．17m／s和4．69m．砾石形态参数和平均粒径的变率分析表明，小乌石塘在横向上的磨蚀作用的效应略强于搬运作用，而在纵向上却略弱于搬运作用；大乌石塘的海滩砾石主要发生磨蚀作用，在横向上的搬运作用非常微弱，而在纵向上其效应略弱于磨蚀作用。     

街道峡谷形态对污染物扩散的数值模拟

机动车排放的尾气污染物,在城市街道峡谷内的稀释扩散及分布特性,主要由街道内流动结构决定,而街道布局和结构对流动结构有重要影响。基于二维不可压缩流动的Navier-Stocks方程、污染物组分输运方程及标准k-?湍流模型,获取所构建模型的数值解。采用验证的模型参数,构建了9种2类高宽比H/W为1的二维城市街道截面形态构造,在来流平均风速为3 m/s情况下,研究了街道截面形态对机动车尾气污染物扩散传递的影响。结果表明:下沉式道路结构不会改变街道峡谷内主涡结构和污染物分布;随着下沉深度的增加,机动车道内污染程度将进一步加剧;廊道内污染物浓度分布受廊道高度的影响较大,其人行呼吸高度处背风侧附近污染物浓度值相对参考工况增加大约5%,廊道深度对街谷内污染物扩散影响不大。     

Seed‐Mediated Synthesis of Gold Tetrahedra in High Purity and with Tunable,Well‐Controlled Sizes

We report a facile synthesis of Au tetrahedra in high purity and with tunable, well‐controlled sizes via seed‐mediated growth. The success of this synthesis relies on the use of single‐crystal, spherical Au nanocrystals as the seeds and manipulation of the reaction kinetics to induce an unsymmetrical growth pattern for the seeds. In particular, the dropwise addition of a precursor solution with a syringe pump, assisted by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and bromide at appropriate concentrations, was found to be critical to the formation of Au tetrahedra in high purity. Their sizes could be readily tuned in the range of 30–60 nm by simply varying the amount of precursor added to the reaction solution. The current strategy not only enables the synthesis of Au tetrahedra with tunable and controlled sizes but also provides a facile and versatile approach to reducing the symmetry of nanocrystals made of a face‐centered cubic lattice.     

A novel design of membrane mirror with small deformation and imaging performance analysis in infrared system

A method of diminishing the shape error of membrane mirror is proposed in this paper. The inner inflating pressure is considerably decreased by adopting the pre-shaped membrane. Small deformation of the membrane mirror with greatly reduced shape error is sequentially achieved. Primarily a finite element model of the above pre-shaped membrane is built on the basis of its mechanical properties. Then accurate shape data under different pressures can be acquired by iteratively calculating the node displacements of the model. Shape data are applicable to build up deformed reflecting surfaces for the simulative analysis in ZEMAX. Finally, ground-based imaging experiments of 4-bar targets and nature scene are conducted. Experiment results indicate that the MTF of the infrared system can reach to 0.3 at a high spatial resolution of 10l p/mm, and texture details of the nature scene are well-presented. The method can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the applications in lightweight optical components with ultra-large apertures.     

A transmission problem on a polygonal partition: regularity and shape differentiability

We consider a transmission problem on a polygonal partition for the two-dimensional conductivity equation. For suitable classes of partitions we establish the exact behaviour of the gradient of solutions in a neighbourhood of the vertexes of the partition. This allows to prove shape differentiability of solutions and to establish an explicit formula for the shape derivative.     

Aqueous Gold Overgrowth of Silver Nanoparticles: Merging the Plasmonic Properties of Silver with the Functionality of Gold

To date, it has not been possible to combine the high optical quality of silver particles with the good chemical stability and synthetic convenience in a fully aqueous system, while simultaneously allowing chemical surface functionalization. We present a synthetic pathway for future developments in information, energy and medical technology where strong optical/electronic properties are crucial. Therefore, the advantages inherent to gold are fused with the plasmonic properties of silver in a fully aqueous Au/Ag/Au core–shell shell system. These nanoparticles inherit low dispersity from their masked gold cores, yet simultaneously exhibit the strong plasmonic properties of silver. Protecting the silver surface with a thin gold layer enables oxidant stability and functionality without altering the Ag‐controlled optical properties. This combines both worlds—optical quality and chemical stability—and is not limited to a specific particle shape.