通过交易收益再分配实现供需链协同

为了处理供需链整体利益与成员个体利益之间的矛盾,引入了一种再分配交易收益的新方法。首先定量估算交易订单中每种产品的交易给供需链整体带来的收益值,然后按照参与交易的各成员的权重和服务水平情况进行交易收益再分配,从而最终计算出每个成员在交易中所获得的"协同收益"。案例分析表明:再分配实施后,成员所获得的"协同收益"将与供需链整体收益的变化情况趋同。因此,通过再分配交易收益可以刺激各成员更好地促进供需链整体的协同。     

Selection of individual variables versus intervals of variables in PLSR

The selection abilities of the two well‐known techniques of variable selection, synergy interval‐partial least‐squares (SiPLS) and genetic algorithm‐partial least‐squares (GA‐PLS), have been examined and compared. By using different simulated and real (corn and metabolite) datasets, keeping in view the spectral overlapping of the components, the influence of the selection of either intervals of variables or individual variables on the prediction performances was examined. In the simulated datasets, with decrease in the overlapping of the spectra of components and cases with components of narrow bands, GA‐PLS results were better. In contrast, the performance of SiPLS was higher for data of intermediate overlapping. For mixtures of high overlapping analytes, GA‐PLS showed slightly better performance. However, significant differences between the results of the two selection methods were not observed in most of the cases. Although SiPLS resulted in slightly better performance of prediction in the case of corn dataset except for the prediction of the moisture content, the improvement obtained by SiPLS compared with that by GA‐PLS was not significant. For real data of less overlapped components (metabolite dataset), GA‐PLS that tends to select far fewer variables did not give significantly better root mean square error of cross‐validation (RMSECV), cross‐validated R² (Q²), and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) compared with SiPLS. Irrespective of the type of dataset, GA‐PLS resulted in models with fewer latent variables (LVs). When comparing the computational time of the methods, GA‐PLS is considered superior to SiPLS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Calorimetry of Portland cement with metakaolins, quartz and gypsum additions

In this work two aluminic pozzolans (metakaolins) and a non-pozzolan were added to two Portland cements with very different mineral composition, to determine the effect on the rate of heat release and the mechanisms involved. The main analytical techniques deployed were: conduction calorimetry, pozzolanicity and XRD. The results showed that the two metakaolins induced stimulation of the hydration reactions due to the generation of pozzolanic activity at very early stage, because of their reactive alumina, Al₂O₃^r− contents, mainly. Such stimulation was found to be more specific than generic for more intense C₃A hydration than C₃S, at least at very early on into the reaction, and more so when 7.0% SO₃ was added, and for this reason, such stimulation is described as ‘indirect’ to differentiate it from the ‘direct’ variety. As a result of both stimulations, the heat of hydration released is easy to assimilate to a Synergistic Calorific Effect.     

锥形床亲和层析过程的场协同分析

为了对亲和层析过程的强化提供理论依据,应用非平衡热力学唯象理论,分析了该过程中温度场、化学势场及重力场等各种场之间的协同关系,以及各自场内不同分量之间的协同关系.得到了亲和层析过程的总熵变表达式,多场协同条件下质量通量和热量通量的唯象表达式以及相应的传质和传热系数.分析结果表明:重力场的存在,维持了体系的非平衡状态、保证了锥形床的稳定操作,避免了柱子堵塞及压密化.上流锥形床亲和层析在多场协同下,其传质、传热以及吸附反应相互影响,过程的最终传递方向将取决于各场之间综合作用的结果.     

纵向涡强化换热的数值研究及场协同原理分析

用三维数值模拟的方法研究了纵向涡发生器用于管-翅表面的流动换热特征.计算了Re(为800~2 000)、三角形小翼型涡发生器的冲角(分别为30°和45°)对管-翅表面平均Nu、压降的影响,并利用场协同原理进行了分析.结果发现纵向涡强化管-翅表面换热的内在机理可以用场协同原理进行解释,即纵向涡发生器使全场速度和温度梯度之间的平均夹角减小.另外计算还发现:三角形小翼对顺排换热器的强化换热效果好于对叉排换热器的强化;冲角为45°的三角形小翼强化换热效果好于冲角为30°的三角形小翼;冲角为45°的三角形小翼导致空气压降提高,而冲角为30°的三角形小翼则可使压降有所减小.无论传热管是叉排还是顺排,冲角为30°的三角形小翼比冲角为45°的三角形小翼在消耗单位泵功条件下带来的强化换热效果更大.     

纵向涡强化通道内换热的数值研究及机理分析

用三维数值模拟方法研究了纵向涡发生器用于层流矩形通道的流动换热特征.研究了Re(为800~3 000)、涡发生器的冲角(分别为15°、30°、45°、60°、90°)、纵向涡发生器的形状对通道平均Nu和平均阻力系数的影响,并利用场协同原理进行了分析.结果发现:纵向涡发生器产生的二次流使全场速度和温度梯度之间的平均夹角减小,换热得到强化;纵向涡能改善包括涡发生器附近区域以及下游广阔区域的场协同性,而横向涡只可以改善涡发生器附近区域的场协同性,所以纵向涡可以强化整体换热,而横向涡只可以强化局部换热;对于光通道,协同角随Re增大而增大,但对于有纵向涡发生器的通道,协同角随着Re增大而减小.同时,在面积相同的条件下三角形小翼优于矩形小翼.     

企业并购决策的定量方法研究

在企业并购活动中,科学合理的并购决策无疑是企业并购成功的关键.本文分别从传统的净现值、实物期权和博弈论的角度,阐述了企业并购决策的一般应用模型和思想方法,力求在定量化的基础上为企业的并购决策提供有意义的指导.     

场协同原理在强化换热与脉管制冷机性能改进中的应用(上)

简要地介绍了场协同原理的基本思想，综述了文献中应用数值分析方法讨论场协同原理在强化单相对流换热分析中的应用情况，说明场协同原理可以将现有文献中关于强化单相对流换热的3种说法统一起来，因而是强化单相对流换热的统一理论。     

强化对流传质的物理机制及其控制

根据对流传质强度与流体中存在的各种内场及其外场的关系，阐明了降低浓度边界层厚度、增加流体扰动和增加近壁面速度梯度的强化对流传质方法的物理机制，其本质是控制流体中内场及其外场之间的相互协同。进一步给出了强化传质场协同控制方法，以此可指导发展强化对流传质单元的新方法。     

振动同步系统中的耦合效应

自同步振动系统是具有典型的协同运动特征的机械动力学系统·系统中两个偏心转子的回转运动相互影响,产生耦合效应,从而改变了系统的运动特征和运动形态·应用非线性振动分析方法建立了系统偏心转子耦合运动的微分方程,给出了耦合参数的数学描述;基于相空间原理,分析了系统耦合运动的非线性特性以及耦合强度对系统运动平衡状态的影响,确定了耦合参数的变化范围;深入研究了偏心转子同步运动的演化过程,导出了系统形成同步运动状态的耦合条件,给出了振动同步系统结构参数设计和选择的工程方法·