All-optical switching and storage in a four-level tripod-type atomic system

The optical behavior of a four-level tripod-type atomic system in a ring resonator driven by a cavity field and two external coherent fields is studied. It is shown that the atomic response exhibits an ultra-sensitive switch from high absorption to nearly transparency by changing the value of one of the control fields. The optical bistable response can be controlled by means of the external fields. The system can flip from the lower to the upper branch of the hysteresis curve without changing the incident probe. Switching and information storage of a light signal are predicted under appropriate triggering of the auxiliary external optical signals.     

应力对铋系铁电薄膜性能影响的研究进展

应力普遍存在于铁电薄膜中，是影响薄膜性能和薄膜电子器件可靠性的一个重要参数。本文系统介绍了本小组近年来所进行的应力对铋系铁电薄膜（Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12，Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12和SrBi2Ta2O9）的铁电性能及与铁电存储有关的开关、疲劳性能等影响的研究。结果表明：张应力有利于增大薄膜的剩余极化和开关电荷量，而压应力却使得两者都降低。还发现：应力对薄膜的开关时间、矫顽场、疲劳性能等都有影响。其结果都与“应力作用下薄膜内铁电畴的重新取向”有关。     

The onset of flow-rate limitation and flow-induced oscillations in collapsible tubes

Experiments were mounted to investigate the onset in a ‘Starling resistor’ of collapsible-tube oscillation, at the lowest possible Reynolds number so as to facilitate matched numerical simulations. The protocol adopted was to set pressure outside the tube and inside the tube at the upstream end, constant and equal to each other, then to progressively lower the downstream pressure past the point of tube collapse and, when this occurred, of oscillation onset. The working fluid was a glycerine/water mixture, and the silicone-rubber tube was suspended horizontally in air. Measurements were made of pressures and flow-rates and of the cross-sectional area at the approximate location of maximum oscillation; separately, the cross-sectional area of the tube in relation to transmural pressure was measured. Parameters varied in the flow experiments were the length of rigid pipe downstream of the collapsing tube, and the fluid viscosity. The pressure/flow-rate coordinates of both the point of peak flow-rate achieved before flow-rate limitation, and the point of oscillation onset, were satisfactorily independent of the pipe length downstream. Both points occurred at flow-rates that decreased with increasing fluid viscosity, so that the corresponding Reynolds numbers decreased more so. Oscillation did not break out below a Reynolds number of about 290 unless there was external mechanical agitation of the apparatus. The amplitude of oscillation decreased progressively towards zero at this point as viscosity was raised. After the flow-rate peak, flow limitation causes a local flow-rate minimum. When oscillation occurred, it started just before this minimum, and died away at the minimum.     

基于电流型CMOS电路的阂值逻辑门

本文讨论了闭函数的定义和性质，简要地介绍了电流型CMOS电路的代数理论.在此基础上提出了用电流型CMOS电路实现闭值逻辑门的新方法.与以往的阂值逻辑门相比，它具有较简的电路结构.     

二次谐波产生的非线性相移的解析研究

给出一种分析二阶非线性级联效应的解析方法，对Ⅱ型二次谐波产生的非线性级联效应进行了详细的理论研究和分析。结果表明倍频晶体中正交输入两个振幅不相等的基波分量时，在近相位匹配下二阶非线性级联效应能够产生大的相移。利用本文的解析方法可以对任意二阶非线性相移产生的过程进行优化，从而以最小的需求输入功率来获得特定的相移。还对由非线性相移诱导的且与光强有关的偏振旋转效应和一种基于偏振旋转效应的全光偏振开关进行了分析和讨论。本文的结果对于建立一种基于Ⅱ型倍频晶体中非线性相移诱导偏振旋转效应的新全固化被动锁模飞秒激光装置具有十分重要的意义。     

On a Class of Optimal Control Problems with State Jumps

In this paper, we consider a class of optimal control problems in which the dynamical system involves a finite number of switching times together with a state jump at each of these switching times. The locations of these switching times and a parameter vector representing the state jumps are taken as decision variables. We show that this class of optimal control problems is equivalent to a special class of optimal parameter selection problems. Gradient formulas for the cost functional and the constraint functional are derived. On this basis, a computational algorithm is proposed. For illustration, a numerical example is included.     

WKWY—1微机型无功电压自动调整装置

阐述ＷＫＷＹ—１微机型无功电压自动调整装置的系统组成、主要功能、控制策略、系统软件及装置的运行效应，指出其开发前景。该装置采用微机技术、综合优化控制策略，实现了智能化。经两年运行实践表明，各项指标达到设计要求。     

JDH型转差离合器控制装置的设计

本文介绍ＪＤＨ型转差离合器控制装置的组成，速度调节器采用ＰＩＤ控制并加入惯性环节。采用ＴＣＡ７８５移相触发器。通过参数的合适匹配，可使系统获得理想的动态品质和控制效果。     

各国运输政策变化及其对我们的启示

运输政策的职能是调整运输活动所涉及的各种关系，运输政策在各国运输业发展和运输市场运作等方面都扮演了极其重要的角色，近年各国都对运输管理制度进行了改革，推行放松管制、鼓励竞争的方针并逐步使原来的公营运输业转为私营或民营。发展中国家在完善现代运输体系和运输市场的同时，必须研究和借鉴其他国家制订和执行运输政策的经验教训，以便制订适合本国情况的运输政策。     

Quality test of a mechanical switching valve for two-dimensional open tubular gas chromatography

A commercially available mechanical micro switching valve has been tested for inertness. The test mixtures used were a modified Grob test and a solution consisting of eight typical aroma compounds, both at the 2-ng level. Cryogenic focusing of the sample after chromatography including one passage through the valve revealed that irreversible interaction of some test substances with valve components was rather small. A composite main peak of a chromatogram from a fruit juice aroma exhibiting a “mixed odor” was selectively transferred (heart-cutting) to a second column and resolved into three peaks. GC-GC/sniffing assigned a minor peak to a substance formerly hidden under the composite peak. Separate heating of the valve during temperature programming of the column was found to be unnecessary.