The Role of Early-Career Chemists in European Policy-Making

Global societal challenges emphasize the importance of collaboration between scientists and policy-makers, while the participation of a diverse group of professionals, including early-career scientists, is critical towards a sustainable future. The European Young Chemists’ Network (EYCN) has been actively working with the European Chemical Society (EuChemS) to create a platform for early-career chemists in policy advice. This article comments on the possible roles of scientists in policy-making and provides an overview of relevant initiatives and platforms at the European level that could facilitate involvement. Opportunities for participation in policy advice from the perspective of early-career chemists are discussed and examples of impact are provided, hoping to stimulate further discussions and engagement in policy-making.     

Novel MCM-41 Supported Dicationic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Catalyzed Greener and Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Oxazolidinones from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide

A type of MCM-41 supported dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid nanocatalyst has been synthesized and found to be competent for the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones through the sustainable chemical conversion of CO₂ with aziridines. It was shown that the highest efficiency was achieved in the cycloaddition of a series of aziridines and CO₂ in the presence of a catalytic amount of the solid catalyst MCM-41@ILLaCl₄ under mild conditions. Merits of this meticulously designed protocol are the use of a novel supported ionic liquid catalyst, the easy work-up process, good to excellent yields, a short reaction time, and purification without column chromatography. Overall, the present protocol of synthesizing 2-oxazolidinones under cocatalyst- and solvent-free conditions using MCM-41@ILLaCl₄ is promising for industrial applications.     

满意优化解

本文给出几项在有限的具体方案中求出实用上的优选满意解．阐述了预应力混凝土梁中预应力钢筋较合理的配置，进行了有关试验观测和钢筋混凝土方板优选配筋的试验研究，并都给出了一些细节．此外，述及了国内对纵横向框架设计的经济比较．介绍了采用3种不同形式连粱的4层框架比较试验研究，带竖向通缝和不同布筋的竖向缝槽及不同配筋的钢筋混凝土低剪力墙的试验研究，在框架和剪力墙的试验研究中还包括了对结构延性的研究．以上4项试验研究都是在东南大学进行的．最后简述了国外对普通结构设计和具有可持续性的拆卸设计的比较．     

应用型GIS工程建设与维护可持续性探讨

可持续发展是当代社会发展的主流,资源和环境的可持续利用是人们关注的焦点,本文讨论它的另一个侧面--大型软件应用系统的可持续利用问题,通过现有GIS应用系统出现的问题的分析,探讨影响应用型GIS工程建设与维护可持续性的系统开发方法、总体设计、产业标准化、数据更新及项目组织管理等问题,以促进 GIS事业的健康发展.     

生物质快速热解制车用燃料过程的能值分析

基于能值分析理论和考虑环境投入,从可持续发展的角度对玉米秸秆热解加氢制精制油过程的2个方案进行综合评价,获得生产效率、环境影响、可持续性方面的能值指标.方案1中的氢气来自初级生物油水相重整,方案2中氢气来自外部市场购买.结果表明:2个方案能值转换率分别为5.00×105sej/J和1.37×105sej/J,从能值转换率的角度分析,与方案1、玉米燃料乙醇及生物柴油相比,方案2生产等量燃料消耗的太阳能最少,更有优势;2个方案的能值产出率均为1.07,生产效率较低;环境负载率分别是1.02和1.05,对环境影响较小;可持续发展系数分别是1.05和1.02,可持续性属于中等水平.     

可持续的中国城乡居民养老保险体系数学模型

本文从我国现行养老金政策出发,利用灰关联分析得到养老金收支的影响因素的排序,建立中国城乡居民养老金收支模型.然后利用Logistic人口预测模型估计出不同替代率下2013-2035未来23年我国养老金缺口,并利用仿真方法算出保证我国养老保险体系的可持续性的替代率的合理区间为50%-70%.进一步分析影响替代率各因素的灵敏性,并考虑延迟退休、做实个人账户以及市场化投资等因素对模型进行改进.最后以养老金替代率为切入点,对退休年龄等模型参数的调整和有关措施进行了分析与评价.     

Put the Sun in the Tank: Future Developments in Sustainable Energy Systems

The conversion of energy systems toward sustainable solutions has been progressing for several years. The effect on protecting the climate can now be estimated through new projections and is presented here for the European Union. The results are compared to the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement and show that additional, new and qualitative measures must be taken.     

Living Messages from Chemistry Icons: Legacies with Contemporary Relevance

Beyond individual scientific virtuosity and creativity that leading figures in chemistry have displayed, they have sometimes conveyed wider messages of significance beyond their own professional specialization. They include insights into broader aspects of science, society or the ways of the world. On the other hand, the words, attitudes and actions of eminent chemists from former times have not always presented good models for others to follow, whether judged by their own contemporary or our present standards. Both positive and negative lessons may convey to us something about humanity in general or the nature of our current predicaments and challenges. In an era when science is more necessary than ever to help meet oncoming global challenges, yet the principles and results of science are irrationally questioned, it is particularly relevant to re‐connect with the broad insights and messages that can be derived from examining the thoughts and deeds of chemistry icons from the past.     

Emergy Based Analysis of Italian Electricity Production System

The continuously increasing demand for electric power together with the demand of environmental friendly technologies require a deep acknowledgement of the directions to give to electric power production in order to satisfy both necessities. The aim of this work is to evaluate the sustainability of Italian electric system by using the emergy function, a methodology developed in the early80s by Odum, and its correlated indices. Emergy is a thermodynamic based function that calculates all the fluxes of energy requested to obtain a product going backward to the solar energy invested. We analyzed all the inputs concurring to the yield of electricity taking into account not only the final phases of the production but also all the sources and materials that had been necessary for the system to operate. We have performed a wide analysis of all the different types of production focusing on thermoelectric sector. We have obtained not only a thermodynamic analysis of electricity production but also an evaluation of the sustainability of the entire process and a scenario for a correct exploitation of resources. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.