全球变化催生的新学科——土地变化科学

通过对世界3大顶尖刊物《Science》、《Nature》及《Proceeding of National Academy of Science》(PANS)近5年的土地变化及其有关重要论文检索与归纳,并在参阅了其他有关重要期刊后,简要回顾了由土地利用或覆盖变化(LUCC)研究到土地变化科学(land change science,LCS)的产生过程,特别提出了因全球变化研究而发现土地变化重要性是LCS产生的科学原因.随后,提出了当前土地变化科学的重要研究领域——可持续性影响评估(sustainability impact assessment,SIA),并指出跨学科、创新地认识土地利用的生态、社会、经济等多功能(MLUs),且以土地利用多功能(LUFs)概念为框架,定量构建综合SIA评价指标体系的核心研究趋势.     

Life cycle sustainability assessment as a metrics towards SDGs agenda 2030

Sustainability has become increasingly important to the public. Well-known international targets and assessment approaches to a more sustainable future are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). The SDGs are a reference for the international sustainability agenda (communication), while LCSA is a framework that considers all dimensions of sustainability in a life cycle thinking based approach. Despite general relevance and demands of combining assessment and goals, there is a gap of (consensus of) combinations of LCSA indicators and SDGs. A comprehensive best-practice example of LCSA-SDG-combination is not yet available and challenges are becoming evident, but a clear direction can be seen and is already provided for some SDGs (e.g. SDG 13), including a recommendation.     

基于粗糙-FAHP方法的石油企业可持续发展能力评价

对提高石油企业可持续发展能力评价的可操作性和科学性进行了探索。结合石油企业的特点，给出了其可持续发展能力评价指标体系。利用粗集理论的属性约简方法，精练了该评价指标体系，并针对各指标对石油企业进行了比较，构造了三角模糊数互补判断矩阵。利用三角模糊数互补判断矩阵最小二乘排序模型，对石油企业可持续发展能力进行了综合评价。应用实例结果验证了该模型的有效性。     

Criticality of metal resources for functional materials used in electronics and microelectronics

In microelectronic devices a multitude of essential, indispensable metals is functionalized. Many of these metals are scarce and rather often only mined as by‐products of base metals. For the industry but also for the development of new technologies this situation can evoke serious restrictions. In order to foresee, validate and minimize such risks a criticality concept is described. In this concept quantitative and qualitative criteria like scarcity, geo‐political restrictions, economic availability, efficiency, recyclability, potential dissipation, social and cultural factors, ecologic impacts, etc. are considered in order to define a reliable, sustainable and responsible implementation of strategic functional metals and materials into technical systems. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

城郊工业村农户生计转型与可持续性研究——以南昌市新洲村、西江村为例

为研究乡村工业化对农户生计转型及可持续性的影响,该文选取南昌市新洲村和西江村2个典型城郊工业村为研究区,构建乡村工业化-可持续生计分析框架,运用参与式农村评估方法、熵权法、耦合协调模型等对农户生计转型与可持续性进行分析.结果表明:1)乡村工业化导致农户生计由单一趋于多元,在转型过程中呈现出工业化、兼业化和返村化特点; 2)乡村工业化对农户回流吸引力较强,超过40%的农户受工厂建设吸引回村就业,但回流人口的年龄结构、文化结构和性别结构不均衡; 3)农户生计资本总指数偏低,各类型资本存在差异,农户间资本指数和资本耦合协调程度差异明显; 4)农户生计可持续性总体上较强,在农户间表现为纯工农户<非工农户<外出农户<主工农户<兼工农户.因此,农户在参与乡村工业提高收入的同时要保障生计多样性,提高生计可持续性.     

MODELING OF A LANDLORD—TENANT AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT

A hierarchical economic–environmental model is formulated to analyze the sustainable management of farming production in a landlord–tenant system. The problem under study is interdisciplinary and combines various agricultural, economic, social, and environmental factors. To maximize profit, the landlord chooses a rental payment and the duration of a lease contract. Tenants invest into farmyard fertilizer in order to improve future crop growth and maximize their profit. It is shown that the qualitative behavior of optimal trajectories in the landlord–tenant problem is mostly affected by environmental conditions rather than by the end‐of‐horizon and delay effects. A range of model parameters is identified, where the optimal trajectory coincides with the first‐best environmentally and socially efficient solution.     

高校贫困生资助体系的现状和思考

高校贫困生资助体系在具体实施过程中存在着问题,应从贫困生的认定、助学贷款机制、资助的可持续性、资助渠道等方面进一步完善贫困生的资助体系,更好地发挥资助体系的功用。     

能值分析与碳足迹的建筑可持续性评价方法比较

对一个太阳能建筑案例“Sunny Inside”进行能值分析与碳足迹计算,分析二者结论的一致性与差异性.研究结果表明:在建筑全生命周期中,不可再生资源的能值投入和碳足迹分析结论一致,不可再生能值投入越多,产生的碳足迹也越多;能值分析将自然环境、社会和经济的可再生和不可再生资源都纳入考虑,侧重于从资源消耗的角度对建筑能耗进行计算,且可以直接评价建筑的可持续性;碳足迹方法则着眼于建筑的碳排放,用各个阶段、各种材料的CO₂排放量表示建筑对温室效应的影响.