Investigation of damaged interior walls using synchrotron‐based XPS and XANES

Evidence of internal sulfate attack in field exposure was demonstrated by the damaged interior wall of a three‐year‐old house situated in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Partial distension of the mortar was clearly observed together with an expansion of a black substance. Removal of the black substance revealed a dense black layer. This layer was only found in the vicinity of the damaged area, suggesting that this black material is possibly involved in the wall cracking. By employing synchrotron‐based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) techniques, the unknown sample was chemically identified. The S 2p and O 1s XPS results mutually indicated the existence of sulfate species in the materials collected from the damaged area. The XANES results indicated the presence of ferrous (II) sulfate, confirming sulfate‐induced expansion and cracking. The sulfate attack in the present case appeared to physically affect the structure whereas the chemical integrity at the molecular level of the calcium silicate hydrate phase was retained since there was a lack of spectroscopic evidence for calcium sulfate. It was speculated that internal sulfate probably originated from the contaminated aggregates used during the construction. The current findings would be beneficial for understanding the sulfate‐attack mechanism as well as for future prevention against sulfate attack during construction.     

Catalytic performance of cement clinker supported nickel catalyst in glycerol dry reforming

The paper reports the development of cement clinker-supported nickel （with metal loadings of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt%） catalysts for glycerol dry （CO2） reforming reaction. XRF results showed that CaO constituted 62.0% of cement clinker. The physicochemical characterization of the catalysts revealed 32-folds increment of BET surface area （SBET） with the addition of nickel metal into the cement clinker, which was also corroborated by FESEM images. Significantly, XRD results suggested different types of Ni oxides formation with Ni loading, whilst Ca3SiO5 and Ca2Al0.67Mn0.33FeO5 were the main crystallite species for pure cement clinker. Temperature-programmed reduction analysis yielded three domains of H2 reduction peaks, viz. centered at approximately 750 K referred to as type-Ⅰ peaks, another peaks at 820 K denoted as type-Ⅱ peaks and the highest reduction peaks, type-Ⅲ recorded at above 1000 K. 20 wt% Ni was found to be the best loading with the highest XG and H2 yield, whilst the lowest methanation activity. Syngas with lower H2/CO ratios （0.6 to 1.5） were readily produced from glycerol dry reforming at CO2-to-Glycerol feed ratio （CGR） of unity. Nonetheless, carbon deposit comprised of whisker type （Cv） and graphitic-like type （Cc） species were found to be in majority on 20 wt%Ni/CC catalysts.     

饱和状态下水泥浆体的微观结构冰冻损伤模型

为了研究水转化为冰所带来的体积膨胀对水泥浆体的微观结构的危害,量化微观结构的内部损伤,建立了一个饱水状态下水泥浆体的冰冻破坏模型.首先使用模拟水泥浆体微观结构的数值模型(HYMOSTRUC)生成一个模拟结构,根据这个模拟结构中的孔结构,分析水分在孔隙中发生的相转变;将含有冰、水和水化产物的水泥浆体微观模拟结构转变为三维...     

基于双目视觉的水泥混凝土路面错台检测方法

针对水泥混凝土路面错台测量手段的不足,提出了一种基于双目视觉的错台测量方法.该方法根据双目摄像机的成像特点和水泥混凝土路面的图像特征,对接缝位置进行定位和错台计算.定位分为2个主要步骤,一是基于灰度投影的粗定位,二是在粗定位的基础上提取接缝附近图像,利用灰度投影和边缘投影精定位.由双目视觉测量系统计算相邻2块水泥板在错台附近点的三维坐标,利用这些坐标计算错台量,其中关键环节是在双目图像匹配时提出了一种基于匹配点位置估计的匹配算法.试验表明,与直尺测量结果吻合.     

影响微波强化烧成水泥熟料的主要因素

用电炉将水泥生料预热至一定温度,然后再用微波炉加热较短时间,强化烧成了水泥熟料.影响微波强化烧成水泥熟料的主要因素有:预热温度提高,有利于熟料的强化烧成;F e2O3对强化烧成有促进作用;液相的出现使物料吸波能力极大提高.     

碳纤维水泥基复合材料压敏性应用研究

鉴于短切碳纤维和碳纤维毡水泥基复合材料(CFCC)具有很好的压敏性,对CFCC的压敏性进行了应用研究.研制了CFCC涂层混凝土偏心柱模型,采用四电极测电阻法并利用差动原理极大提高了敏感性,同时可实现温度补偿.通过实验对试样进行偏心受压,并对受压载荷、受拉面应变和差动电压数据进行了实时在线采集,结果表明CFCC的输出差动电压与结构所受偏心弯矩及偏心应变具有较高的敏感性,尤其毡CFCC更是具有很好的线性关系.     

生态水泥

介绍了生态水泥的新概念,并对城市垃圾、污泥等废弃物的处理现状、生态水泥的生产工艺和国内外生态水泥的现状进行了论述.用城市垃圾和污泥来生产生态水泥拓宽了原材料来源,减少了天然资源的消耗,降低了水泥生产的成本,是一条很有前途的、有利于水泥工业可持续发展的途径.     

Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Phase Composition,Thermal and Post-Heating Behavior of Cementitious Composites

This paper experimentally investigates the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on phase composition, microstructure deterioration, thermal behavior, and residual mechanical strengths of cementitious composites exposed to elevated temperatures. Cement mortars with small dosages of CNTs, 0.05% and 0.2% by weight of cement, were prepared and then heated at 25 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C for two hours before being tested. The results show positive impact of the CNTs on the hydration process of cement mortar at room temperature and at higher temperatures up to 200 °C. Decomposition of the hydration products is obvious at 450 °C, whereas sever deterioration in the microstructure occurs at 600 °C. The nano reinforcement and bridging effect of the CNTs are obvious up to 450 °C. Thermal behavior characterization shows that CNTs incorporation enhances the thermal conductivity of the unheated and heat-treated mortar specimens. The decomposition of the hydration products needs more heat in the presence of CNTs. Finally, presence of CNTs significantly enhances the residual compressive and flexural strengths of heated mortar specimens for all studied temperatures.     

水泥聚苯模壳格构式混凝土墙体的抗侧性能试验及分析

论文介绍6片不同高宽比的水泥聚苯模壳格构式混凝土墙体在轴压力和水平往复侧推力作用下的试验,分析这种墙体的抗侧强度、刚度和延性等力学性能.试验表明,高宽比大于1的墙体破坏时表现为墙体跟部的单一水平裂缝,其他部位完好;高宽比3∶4的墙体破坏时存在多条通过格构梁柱的斜向裂缝,墙体裂缝分布密集,变形能力好.     

超微粉碎技术在葡萄籽加工中的应用

葡萄籽具有极高的营养价值和药用价值.为充分利用葡萄籽中的功能性成分,对葡萄籽的清洗、干燥、杀菌、冷冻和超微粉碎等工艺进行了研究.结果表明:葡萄籽超微粉的最佳工艺条件为:40℃下干燥2h→-20℃下冷冻30min→以40g/kg的比例加入微晶纤维素→混合后粉碎25min.采用该工艺获得的葡萄籽超微粉的颗粒直径为2.5～22.5μm,平均直径为6.2μm,而葡萄籽细胞的直径为15.0～32.5μm,平均为24.9μm,说明细胞破壁率达到了100%.