Thermal difference between the Tibetan Plateau and the plain east of Plateau and its influence on rainfall over China in the summer

There exist thermal differences between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the plain east of the TP, and between land and sea in East Asia. The influence of the land-sea thermal contrast on the precipitation in East China has been widely investigated; however, a few studies have paid attention to the role of the TP-plain thermal difference. Thus, using the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data and the observation data of China from 1951 t...     

厦门地区典型农村住宅夏季室内热环境实测与分析

实地测试厦门地区具有代表性农村住宅的夏季室内热环境参数,运用统计分析方法对测试结果进行对比分析.结果表明:受测农宅的室内空气温度变化趋势与室外温度变化趋势基本相同,低于室外空气温度,室内空气温度与黑球温度差别小;海拔高度高、建筑密度低的农宅室内空气温度低、热稳定性差,静风状态下的热舒适性较高;混合结构的农宅室内温度比采用传统建材的高,但稳定性更好,建筑材料对农宅室内热环境的舒适性影响相对较大.     

夏热冬暖地区既有建筑屋顶节能改造影响因素分析

针对建筑围护结构热工性能差是导致建筑能耗剧增的主要原因之一的现状,以夏热冬暖地区既有建筑屋顶作为主要研究对象,在实地调研的基础上,结合改造的特殊性,对其受到的影响制约因素进行深入分析,提出相关的设计实践经验与思考。     

土壤湿度对中国西北地区夏季气候年际变率模拟效果的影响

利用耦合陆面过程模式CLM3的全球大气环流模式NCAR CAM3进行2组1979～2000年5～8月的集合试验,研究了表层土壤湿度对中国西北地区夏季气候年际变率模拟的影响。结果表明:在相同海温强迫条件下,采用年际变化的表层土壤湿度(ISSM)时,CAM3模式对于夏季西北地区气温和降水年际变率的模拟能力明显好于采用气候态的表层土壤湿度(CSSM)。计算表明,1979～2000年CSSM试验和ISSM试验模拟的西北地区夏季气温距平与ERA40资料的相关系数分别为0.60和0.65; CSSM试验模拟的西北地区夏季降水距平与CMAP资料的相关系数仅为0.29,而ISSM试验模拟结果与CMAP资料的相关系数为0.48。在相同海温强迫条件下,ISSM试验比CSSM试验能更好地模拟出中国西北地区夏季降水年际变率。     

Asian summer monsoon precipitation recorded by stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition in the western Loess Plateau during AD1875―2003 and its linkage with ocean-atmosphere system

Based on 5 high-precision 230Th dates and 103 stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) obtained from the top 16 mm of a stalagmite collected from Wanxiang Cave,Wudu,Gansu,variation of monsoonal precipita-tion in the modern Asian Monsoon (AM) marginal zone over the past 100 years was reconstructed. Comparison of the speleothem δ18O record with instrumental precipitation data at Wudu in the past 50 years indicates a high parallelism between the two curves,suggesting that the speleothem δ18O is a good proxy for the AM strength and associated precipitation,controlled by "amount effect" of the pre-cipitation. Variation of the monsoonal precipitation during the past 100 years can be divided into three stages,increasing from AD 1875 to 1900,then decreasing from AD 1901 to 1946,and increasing again thereafter. This variation is quite similar to that of the Drought/Flooding index archived from Chinese historical documents. This speleothem-derived AM record shows a close association with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) between AD 1875 and 1977,with higher monsoonal precipitation corre-sponding to cold PDO phase and vice versa at decadal timescale. The monsoonal precipitation varia-tion is out of phase with the PDO after AD 1977,probably resulting from the decadal climate jump in the north Pacific occurring at around AD 1976/77. These results demonstrate a strong linkage between the AM and associated precipitation and the Pacific Ocean via ocean/atmosphere interaction. This rela-tionship will aid to forecast future hydrological cycle for the AM monsoon region,and to improve forecasting potential of climatic model with observation data from cave.     

湖北三潭风景区改造对夏季鸟类群落组成及多样性的影响

2012、2013和2015年夏季,对湖北三潭风景区鸟类群落及多样性进行了调查.结果表明,该景区夏季分布鸟类66种,隶属11目31科.鸟类多样性指数为1.464,均匀度指数为0.884.鸟类种类年间变化不明显,但鸟类数量有减少的趋势.尽管总的鸟类种类与景区改造前变化不大,但每年到景区繁殖的鸟类种数有明显减少,说明景区大型的改造工程对鸟类群落组成和多样性造成一定的负面影响.     

Interdecadal variation of tropical cyclone activity in association with summer monsoon, sea surface temperature over the western North Pacific

Based on geographic division over the western North Pacific (WNP), the interdecadal relationships between summer monsoon, sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical cyclones activity (including number, track and intensity) are examined. In the past several decades, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and tropical westerlies contribute to the interdecadal variation of TC number in the northwest and southeast of WNP respectively. The increased TC occurrence density to the east of Philippines related to TC track appears during the 1990s, in terms of both steer flow induced by WPSH and genesis location. From the interdecadal viewpoint, the tendency of TC intensity, measured by averaged accumulated cyclone energy, does well agree with that of SST, implying that SST plays an important role in TC intensity. Supported by Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest (Grant No. GYHY200806009) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421505)     

新型肥料对夏玉米产量及籽粒蛋白的影响

以封丘县潮土为研究对象,结合当地常规施肥和不施肥（对照）处理,在大田条件下研究了在200kg／hm^2供氮水平下金阳牌有机无机肥料、金正大控释肥、红四方纳米控失肥3个新型肥料对夏玉米籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的影响．结果表明,在3种新型肥料中,红四方纳米控失肥对提高玉米产量和玉米籽粒蛋白质效果最明显,分别较常规施肥提高16．2％和18．9％;其次为金阳牌有机无机复合肥,其效果仅次于红四方纳米控失肥;最后是金正大控释肥．以上结果表明,在3种新型肥料中,红四方纳米控失肥对夏玉米增产和改善品质效果最好,而其他肥料（金阳有机无机肥、金正大控释肥）的缓控效果不能在当季显现,可能主要是由于夏玉米生育期相对较短引起的．     

浅谈大学生暑期社会实践的“时政教育”功能

暑期社会实践是高校学生社会实践的重要组成部分,是大学生思想政治教育、素质教育的重要途径,但目前仍有一些薄弱环节影响其作用的发挥。结合工作实际,以及2008年上海大学暑期社会实践的启示,着重分析暑期社会实践的“时政教育”功能,指出目前社会实践中存在的与专业结合不够紧密等问题并提出建议,以便今后将暑期社会实践更好地与时代热点结合、充分发挥其“时政教育”功能。     

用区域气候模式对1951——2000年我国夏季降水的模拟

为了检验区域气候模式对我国夏季降水的模拟能力,利用高分辨率区域气候模式RegCM3对1951?2000年的夏季中国区域降水进行了数值模拟。初始值及边界值取自美国国家环境预测中心(NCEP)和国家大气中心(NCAR)的全球再分析资料。每年的模拟积分时段从5月1日开始到9月1日结束, 但是每年降水量的分析只使用6?8月的模拟结果。主要结论如下: (1) 从全国平均总降水量看,该区域模式的模拟结果与观测比较接近,明显好于NCEP的降水资料,但模拟的降水量空间分布不理想; (2) 从降水量距平的空间分布来看,该区域模式对我国的东北夏季降水的模拟结果明显好于全国其他地区,黄河中下游最差; (3) 从时间分布上看,该模式模拟能力呈现出明显的年代际变化,20世纪60年代及90年代模拟较好,也比较稳定,70年代及80年代的模拟能力呈大起大落不稳定状态; (4) 模式未能模拟出70—80年代我国降水偏少的观测事实,说明模式对我国夏季降水年代际变率的模拟能力不足。