Inverse correlation between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia？

There is a scientific debate on the relationship between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia. Some scholars think that East Asian winter and summer monsoons are anti-correlated, and others think not. For this reason, this study is motivated to assess their linkage from the paleoclimate simulation perspective, through analyzing the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and mid-Holocene （MH） climate simulated by CCSM3 model. Compared to the present climate, the Aleutian low is found to be deepened and the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） is stronger during the LGM winter. The Pacific high in summer is noticed to be weakened and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is weaker at the LGM. During the MH, the Aleutian low and the Asian high in winter are intensified, and the Asian low and the Pacific high in summer are enhanced, indicating that the EAWM and EASM are both stronger than today. Therefore, the EAWM is not always negatively correlated to the EASM. Their relationship may be different at different geological stages. It can be obtained at least from the numerical simulation results that the EAWM and the EASM is negatively correlated during the cooling period, while positively correlated during the warming period.     

Decadal change of the East Asian summer monsoon and its related surface temperature in Asia-Pacific during 1880–2004

The East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and its related change of surface temperature in the past century were not clearly ad- dressed due to absence of atmospheric reanalysis data before 1948. On the benchmark of station-observed sea level pressure （SLP） in China, we utilized multiple SLP datasets and evaluated their qualities in measuring the SLP-based EASM index （EASMI）. It is found that the EASMI based on the SLP of the Hadley center version 2 （HadSLP2） has shown the best performance on the inter- annual and decadal time scales. Instead of showing a linear weakening trend pointed out by the previous study, the EASMI has likely exhibited the decadal variability, characterized by weakened trends during 1880-1906, 1921-1936, and 1960-2004, and with enhanced trends during 1906-1921 and 1936-1960, respectively. Corresponding to the weakened and enhanced periods of EASMI since the 1920s, the surface air temperature （SAT） index （SATI） averaged in eastern China has likely shown a warming and a cooling trend, respectively. However, the decadal abrupt transitions between the two indices do not occur concurrently, which results in a weak correlation between two indices on the decadal time scale. Further analysis indicates that there are four key regions where the SAT is significantly correlated with the EASMI, suggesting the joint impact of surface temperature in Asia-Pacific on the EASM during 1880-2004. In which, the decadal change of SAT near the Lake Baikal plays an important role in the linear trends of the EASM before and after 1960.     

离宫、行宫辨

学者在研究历代帝王的离宫别馆的时候,对"行宫"和"离宫"两类事物的称谓应用出现混淆现象。要么同一宫室,冠名不同,有的冠名为行宫,有的却冠名为离宫;要么对两种事物的范围界定不明确,出现互相包含的现象。针对这种状况,笔者通过对两词渊源的探究和对学界对这方面已有的成果的分析,认为离宫和行宫是有差异的,从它们兴建的目的、用途、规模、以及分布特点可以对两者进行区分。     

Changes in palaeoproductivity of Genggahai Lake over the past 16 ka in the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Sequential samples of a 7.82-m sediment core from Genggahai Lake in the central Gonghe Basin,controlled with 12 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dates,have been analysed for total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents,carbon isotope of bulk organic matter (δ 13 C org),and carbonate content.Plant macrofossils and stem encrustations,derived mainly from the species of P.pectinatus,M.spicatum and Chara spp.,were identified,and they dominated the aquatic plant community of the lake.Alternations of plant macrofossils of Chara spp.and the vascular species reflect the changing productivity of the lake over time.In such a shallow lake,the carbonate content is highly related to photosynthesis of aquatic macrophytes and thus indirectly indicates variations in productivity,consistent with a quantitative estimate of palaeoproductivity.Based on these results,the palaeoproductivity history was reconstructed over the past ca.16 ka.The lake was formed or recharged at 15.3 cal ka BP,as indicated by aeolian sand deposits at the core base.A marked increase in palaeoproductivity occurred from 15.3 to 11.6 cal ka BP.Between 11.6 and 9.2 cal ka BP,a sharply increased water-level,modulated probably by the enhanced Asian summer monsoon,might have exceeded the optimum water depth for macrophyte vegetation,causing a marked decline in coverage of aquatic macrophytes and low palaeoproductivity.The palaeoproductivity appeared to be high in the early stage of the period from 9.2 to 7.4 cal ka BP,and then decreased at approximately 8.6 cal ka BP.The palaeoproductivity sustained an overall high level between 7.4 and 2.1 cal ka BP,and decreased gradually since 2.1 cal ka BP.Our results suggest that the variability of Genggahai Lake palaeoproductivity may be associated with fluctuations of the lake level controlled by the strength of the Asian summer monsoon,probably indicating changes in the Asian summer monsoon.     

亚丁湾地区春夏季气象水文要素特点

为找出亚丁湾地区春夏季气象水文要素变化的规律,为未来进行亚丁湾地区气象水文预报打下良好基础,依据亚丁湾地区春夏季气象水文要素实时及历史观测资料,分析了该地区春夏季气象水文要素的特点及气象水文预报的关键点。结果表明:亚丁湾地区春夏季的降水十分稀少,能见度较好;春夏季气象水文预报的重点是风浪的变化,而风浪的变化与当地的地形、地貌等自然地理环境密切相关,且在4月份存在明显的转折,即由4月份之前较弱的东北季风转为较强的西南季风,并使得亚丁湾不同区域的风浪呈现不同的变化规律。     

重庆夏季展览温室植物对高温高湿的生态响应研究

对重庆南山植物园展览温室4个展区的主要生态因子和引种的1 000余种植物在夏季的生态响应与适应进行了系统的调查研究,结果表明:由于人为控制的原因,展览温室生态条件得到很好改良,绝大多数植物生长正常.其中热带雨林景观区植物长势良好;四季花卉园区和多肉多浆展示区植物生存受影响不大;但亚高山展示区温度仍然过高,受热害植物约49种,占该区植物种数的26.8％,极不适应者死亡.     

孤篇横绝,竟为大家--张若虚《春江花月夜》的文学史价值

张若虚《春江花月夜》就其宇宙精神而言，足以站在时代的峰巅，回眸天人关系的文化原点，引领灵魂的经典走向不朽．这正是它“以孤篇压全唐”“竟为大家”的魅力之所在，也是它的文学史价值之所在。作为描述中国文学发生、发展和演变的文学史，不可不对作家及其作品中所会通的宇宙意识和由宇宙意识升华、凝练的宇宙精神进行点晴勾勒和重笔书写．     

The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon

The transition from the winter monsoon to summer monsoon is characterized by the abrupt change of the atmospheric circulation. Although many studies on the intraseasonal variation of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) have been made, there are controversial v…     

Synoptic-scale variation of δ18O in summer monsoon rainfall at Lijiang, China

Based on the daily δ~(18)O data in June―September 2003 at Lijiang and the daily mean NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis data, synoptic-scale variation of δ~(18)O in summer monsoon rainfall was investigated. The 'precipitation amount effect' is obvious for the daily δ~(18)O variation, whereas the 'temperature effect' is insignificant. Alternate occurrences of active phase and break phase of the southwest monsoon probably influence the synoptic-scale δ~(18)O variation prominently. Moreover, the isotopic composition in precipitation during the late monsoon months is presumably influenced significantly by recycling of monsoon precipitation. Both the above factors disturb the 'amount effect' of isotopic variation in the monsoon region. This study also indicates that the synoptic-scale rainfall δ~(18)O variation at Lijiang in summer is domi-nated by the Indian monsoon depression (low pressure) system at large scale. These results are important for further studying the 'amount effect' and reconstructing paleoclimate in the monsoon region.     

夏季大空间热空气层对火灾烟流的影响

采用全尺寸实验和数值模拟两种方法对夏季大空间热空气层对火灾烟流的影响进行了研究.应用FDS4.07场模拟程序计算得到的夏季大空间火灾顶棚附近的温度变化与全尺寸的实验测得的结果符合得比较好.计算结果表明,在夏季大空间火灾中,顶棚附近温度的变化规律是先下降,热空气层消失时达到最低,之后再上升;此最低温度随着火源功率和热空气层厚度的增加而增加;热空气层消失的时间随火源功率的增加而减少;当火源功率比较大时,热空气层厚度的增加对热空气层消失的时间影响不是很大;当火源功率比较小时,热空气层消失的时间随热空气层厚度的增加而增加.对于大空间火灾的早期探测,推荐使用非接触式的火灾探测系统.