Impacts of intraseasonal oscillation on the onset and interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon

The role of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) on the seasonal and interannual variations of the Indian summer monsoon is investigated based on the analysis of observational data. It is shown that the ISO significantly contributes to the establishment of low-level westerlies during the monsoon onset and developing periods. The effect of the ISO on the annual cycle of the monsoon is through nonlinear eddy momentum transport. On the interannual timescale, the Indian summer monsoon rainfall exhibits a significant out-of-phase relationship with the ISO intensity over the Indian monsoon region. In strong ISO years it appears the weak monsoon when there is an abnormal high over the India subcontinent in the lower troposphere. In weak ISO years there exists an abnormal low and the strong monsoon appears. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB403602), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40225012 and 40775039) and Chinese COPES Program (Grant No. GYHY200706005)     

Simulated analysis of summer climate on centennial time scale in eastern China during the last millennium

Using Lanczos filtered simulation results from the ECHO-G coupled ocean-atmosphere model, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal structure of temperature and precipitation on centennial time scale to examine how climate change in eastern China responded to external forcing during the last millennium. The conclusions are (1) eastern China experienced a warm-cold-warm climate transition, and the transition from the warm period to the cold period was slower than the cold to warm transition which followed it. There was more rainfall in the warm periods, and the transitional peak and valley of precipitation lag those of temperature. The effective solar radiation and solar irradiance have significant impacts on the temporal variation of both temperature and precipitation. Volcanic activity plays an important role in the sudden drop of temperature before the Present Warm Period (PWP). There is a positive correlation between precipitation and volcanic activity before 1400 A.D., and a negative relationship between the two thereafter. The concentration of greenhouse gases increases in the PWP, and the temperature and precipitation increase accordingly. (2) The spatial pattern of the first leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of temperature on centennial time scale is consistent with that on the inter-annual/inter-decadal (IA-ID) time scales; namely, the entirety of eastern China is of the same sign. This pattern has good coherence with effective solar radiation and the concentrations of greenhouse gases. The first leading EOF mode of precipitation on centennial time scale is totally different from that on the IA-ID time scales. The first leading mode of centennial time scale changes consistently over the entirety of eastern China, while the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are the opposite to the rest of eastern China is the leading spatial pattern on IA-ID time scale. The distribution of precipitation on centennial time scale is affected by solar irradiance and greenhouse gas concentrations.     

十七世纪以来华北中部夏季降水的特征、趋势与影响

本文通过华北中部12务夏季降水曲线的主成分分析,得到代表大区域的夏季降水变化的PPC-1序列．分析显示十七世纪的开始,华北中部是比较湿润的,中叶出现较大的波动,而下半叶降水较为正常;十八世纪整体较为湿润;十九世纪以来,降水呈现下降趋势且年际变化显著增大．谱分析结果显示,夏季降水具有23．8年、8．6年、7．0年和2—5年的显著周期．在假定人类活动强度和其他控制因素不变的情境下,未来4JD年（2011—2050AD）,华北中部地区的夏季降水总体呈现显著下降的趋势．最后,通过分析降水变率与社会进程的时间耦合,认为近四百年来气候变化对中国农耕社会的稳定性具有显著影响．     

The MACSI summer school: a case study in outreach in mathematics

To encourage the study of mathematics in Ireland, the Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) organizes a summer school once a year. The different aspects of this summer school are presented. Students are selected depending on their motivation, academic abilities, gender and geographical origins. Instruction and supervision is provided by academics, post-doctoral fellows and post-graduate students. The teaching programme evolves every year and reflects the interests of the people involved. Feedback from participants has been almost uniformly positive. Students favour interactive sessions and enjoy the residential aspect of the summer school. Food and accommodation are however the most costly aspects of this summer school. In this respect the support of Science Foundation Ireland has been invaluable.     

武汉天兴洲大桥夏季混凝土施工的温度控制技术

在分析夏季高温对混凝土性能影响的基础上,结合武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥正桥的夏季混凝土施工实际,提出夏季混凝土施工中和施工后混凝土温度的控制方法,确保混凝土的质量。     

热带气旋与南海季风的相互作用

通过个例分析和历史统计, 对热带气旋与夏季南海季风的相互作用进行了研究, 揭示了热带气旋活动导致南海低空急流增强的机制。在个例分析中, 以0604 号热带气旋 “碧利斯”为例, 利用中尺度数值模式 MM5 进行了多组数值模拟实验。结果表明, 强盛的西南季风使热带气旋登陆的维持时间变长, 对热带气旋的降水有显著的增幅作用; 与此同时, 热带气旋对西南季风的作用也不可忽略。在热带气旋登陆过程中引发的一系列中尺度对流系统, 会使得南海上空低层大气的气压梯度力增大, 导致南海季风中低空急流增强。最后, 对 1950?2009 年具有与 “碧利斯”相似路径的30 个热带气旋进行了统计, 发现其中80% 的热带气旋活动伴随着南海区域低空风速的正异常。     

Effect of a dual-function solar collector integrated with building on the cooling load of building in summer

As a building integrated solar thermal system, the dual-function solar collector integrated with building works for passive space heating in cold winter season, and for water heating in warm seasons. In this paper, the study is made on the dual-function solar collector integrated with building when it works in water heating mode with natural circulation. The coupled model of the collector and building’s environment is established and validated. A numerical simulation is achieved to show the thermal effect of the novel system on the building in summer. By comparing with the cooling loads of the rooms with or without the novel collector in summer, the results show that when in summer, the novel solar system is available for serving hot water, and it does not have the summer overheating problem, and can even improve the thermal environment of its building slightly.     

城市公园夏季鸟类的群落结构

综合1997年至2003年的调查数据,对长春市南湖公园鸟类群落组成、群落结构做了调查研究,共统计夏季鸟类52种,隶属9目23科.5个群落中,夏季鸟类多样性指数、均匀性指数以阔叶林最高(H′=3.980,J=0.786),5个群落中鸟类均以动物食性为主,消费生物量以疏林罐丛最低(75.21g/10hm2).人为活动对夏季鸟类分布有直接影响.     

重庆夏季旱涝急转与大气环流异常的联系

利用1961—2012年期间重庆的逐月降水和同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA的海温、国家气候中心提供的126项环流指数等资料,结合长周期旱涝急转指数,分析了重庆旱涝急转的时间演变特征及其与同期和前期大气环流异常的联系.结果表明:重庆夏季旱涝急转事件有阶段连续性和间歇性并存的特点,年际差异大,涝转旱强度通常比旱转涝强度偏强.旱转涝年的旱期与涝转旱年的涝期比较,其环流特征为西太平洋副高偏西、偏强、面积偏大,低层垂直下沉运动较强,来自南海及西太平洋的水汽输送较弱,重庆易处于水汽输送辐散区,易少雨偏旱.而旱转涝年的涝期对比于涝转旱年的旱期来看,其环流特征为欧洲西岸的槽偏强,极涡偏弱,西太平洋副高偏强、偏西,低层垂直上升运动较强,来自南海及西太平洋的水汽输送较强,重庆易位于水汽输送辐合区,易多雨偏涝.西太平洋副高的季节内振荡的异常是重庆旱涝急转的主要原因.前期3月和4月的PDO和西风漂流区海温指数可以作为预测重庆夏季旱涝急转的一个先兆信号,前期3月和4月的PDO偏强(弱)、西风漂流区指数偏弱(强)时,重庆夏季可能易发生旱转涝(涝转旱)事件.     

武汉、合肥、南昌近40 a夏季高温变化特征及其与前期海温异常的可能联系

选取长江中下游城市武汉、合肥、南昌3站1970年～2009年近40 a夏季(6～8月)高温资料,分析3市夏季高温特征.3市夏季高温日数有增加的趋势,月平均气温也逐步上升,但月平均日照时数在减少.计算1970年～2009年武汉、合肥、南昌夏季高温日数与1、3、5月海表温度场相关系数,结果表明:若1月热带中太平洋、北印度洋海表温度偏高,则武汉、合肥、南昌夏季高温日数偏多,若3、5月热带中太平洋、北太平洋海表温度偏高,则武汉、合肥、南昌夏季高温日数偏多,反之亦然.