蛋白质组学和代谢组学在微生物代谢工程中的应用

构建微生物细胞工厂是化学品、生物能源以及药物分子可持续生产的可行性策略。然而，微生物的代谢复杂、调控严谨，制约着目标产物高效合成。蛋白质组学和代谢组学可以从系统生物学角度分析酶和代谢物组分，从而理解复杂的生物系统，为微生物代谢工程改造提供重要线索。该文介绍了蛋白质组学和代谢组学在微生物代谢工程中的应用，包括基因组尺度代谢模型构建、菌株生物合成优化、指导菌株耐受性改造、限速步骤预测、植物次级代谢途径挖掘，从而为微生物合成天然产物提供新的基因或途径。在此基础上，该文还展望了生物大数据未来的发展方向。     

Molecular motion and interactions in aqueous carbohydrate solutions. I. Dielectric-relaxation studies

Dielectric-relaxation studies in the frequency range 200 kHz to 35 GHz are reported for a range of sugars (from mono- to trisaccharides) in aqueous solution. The complex dielectric spectra were analyzed using a weighted least-squares minimization method to resolve the various component relaxations, and the implications of the analyses in terms of the molecular dynamics of solute and solvent and the interactions between solute and solvent are discussed. For the highest concentration studied (ca. 2M), it was found that the most significant analysis required three discrete relaxation processes, whereas lower concentration samples could usually be satisfactorily fitted with two. Irrespective of any uncertainty in model selection, a number of conclusions regarding the solute-solvent interactions can be made, and it is shown how final quantification of the extents of hydration can be made using the input of information from other techniques.     

红曲色素生产中代谢调控的研究进展

红曲色素由红曲霉发酵而得,它的发酵质量直接影响红曲色素的产量和质量.文章对近几年红曲色素发酵中代谢调控的研究进展以及控制过程中建立的数学模型作一简单介绍.     

运动对自由基代谢影响的研究

根据有关文献资料,综合分析总结出剧烈运动使自由基增加的几个因素,阐述了体内过多的自由基对机体造成的几种损伤,并就清除体内过多自由基论述了相关的基本原理与方法.     

一种还原糖自动检测系统

根据生化反应的基本原理,利用MCS-51单片机开发设计了一种还原糖自动检测系统.介绍了该系统的硬件和软件设计模式,其特点是结构简单、操作方便,是还原糖检测的一种新方法.     

A preliminary study of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in the endangered aquatic quillwortIsoetes sinensis Palmer in China

Isoetes sinensis Palmer (Isoetaceae) is an aquatic or amphibious plant that is critically endangered in China. Previous studies have revealed the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)-like photosynthetic pathway occurs commonly in submerged leaves in genusIsoetes. Water chemistry parameters and the titratable acidity content of the plant extract were measured from samples obtained in the early morning (7∶00) and late afternoon (15∶00) from twoI. sinensis populations in China. One population occurs in the eulittoral zone of a freshwater tidal river at low elevation (134 m) and another occurs in a densely vegetated, high elevation (1 100 m) alpine shallow pool. Significant differences in pH and titratable acidity of the plant extract were detected between the morning and afternoon samples. These changes are associated with diurnal changes in water chemistry. Our results provide the first evidence for the existence of the CAM pathway in the East Asian endemicIsoetes sinensis Palmer. The magnitude of fluctuations in the titratable acidity of the plant extract may be correlated with the severe carbon limitation imposed on the plants by its aquatic habitat. Foundation item: Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan (G2000046805) Biography:Pang Xin-an (1974-), male, Master candidate, research direction: conservation biology.     

杂交瘤细胞的无血清低蛋白培养

实现了杂交瘤细胞的体外无血清低蛋白培养。考察了血清浓度、基础培养基和接种密度对细胞生长的影响。在含5%血清培养基、1%血清培养基和无血清低蛋白培养基中适应生长的细胞,μ分别为0.68、0.45、0.44d-1,qGlc分别为13.4×10-9、13.1×10-9、19.2×10-9mmol/(cell·分别为39.4×10-9、44.1×10-9、37.7×10-9mg/(cell·d),YMAb/Xv分别为52.6×10-9、d),qMAb57.8×10-9、54.4×10-9mg/cell,YLac/Glc分别为2.0、1.95、2.0mmol/mmol。无血清培养中葡萄糖代谢途径不变,参与细胞维持代谢的葡萄糖比例增大。血清浓度降低,延迟期变长,最大活细胞密度下降。基础培养基影响细胞的最大活细胞密度,不影响生长速率。无血清培养基中细胞的接种密度选择在0.2×106～0.3×106cells/mL。     

底物限制对杂交瘤细胞生长、代谢和单抗生成的影响

考察了葡萄糖或谷氨酰胺限制的批培养中杂交瘤细胞的生长、代谢和单抗生成。葡萄糖或谷氨酰胺限制时最大活细胞密度基本相同,为(1.0±0.1)×106cells/mL。葡萄糖限制时,乳酸生成减少,YLac/Glc降低,YCell/Glc增加,提示葡萄糖更多地参与三羧酸循环。谷氨酰胺限制时,氨和丙氨酸生成减少,YAmm/Gln增加,YAla/Gln减小,提示谷氨酰胺的能量利用率提高。谷氨酰胺缺失时异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸等替代谷氨酰胺,维持细胞生长和单抗合成,产物是甘氨酸和天冬氨酸。单抗生成与细胞生长关联,并且细胞停止生长后单抗仍生成。细胞死亡阶段的qMAb约是生长阶段的一半。葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺共限制下细胞对单抗的生产能力比葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺单独限制时小。     

大豆膳食纤维对成年大鼠腹腔脂肪积累及血脂和血糖水平的影响

运用药理生理学方法，观察了大豆膳食纤维对高血脂成年ＳＤ大鼠的体重增长、腹腔脂肪的积累、血清胆固醇和血糖水平的影响。与对照组比较，在实验的第１４天，高膳食纤维实验组体重增长率为对照组的－２２．７８％，腹腔脂肪重量变化率为－５９．５７％，血清甘油三酯水平变化率为－３０．１１％，血清胆固醇水平变化率为１４．２４％，血糖水平变化率为１０．３９％。结果表明，大豆膳食纤维对控制成年大鼠的体重增长，减少腹腔脂肪的积累，降低高胆固醇和高脂肪摄入后血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量，以及降低血糖水平具有明显的作用。     

产氢红杆菌类胡萝卜素代谢研究

在不损伤细胞条件下,采用分光光度法探求了产氢红杆菌(Rhod obacter sp.)R 7菌株光合色素合成规律,研究了供氢体、氮源和生长因子对R 7菌株细胞生长、类胡萝卜素表达和合成量的影响.结果表明,光合色素的合成具有时序性,R 7菌株首先合成可吸收近红外光的细菌叶绿素,而370 nm和590 nm组分的细菌叶绿素的合成则晚于类胡萝卜素,426 nm类胡萝卜素含量的变化引起捕光色素复合体和光反应中心复合体比率的改变.与乙酸钠相比,苹果酸钠只在生长初期对细胞生长有促进作用,但最终细胞生物量无明显差异.在乙酸钠体系中,分别用酵母提取物和谷氨酸钠替代生物素和硫酸铵后可使细胞生物量提高37.9%和20.4%.乙酸钠供氢体可诱导细胞进行球形烯和球状菌素类胡萝卜素代谢,苹果酸钠和谷氨酸钠有利于426 nm类胡萝卜素组分的产生,但不利于450 nm类胡萝卜素组分的积累,苹果酸钠还可诱导产生556 nm类胡萝卜素新组分.酵母提取物可显著提高类胡萝卜素产量,并改变了类胡萝卜素合成途径.