有阻尼振动系统的自由界面子结构综合法

研究了阻尼振动系统的自由界面子结构综合法.为了在最终给出的系统综合方程中考虑剩余柔度矩阵的影响,本文利用质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵和结构保留模态矩阵构造了一种与保留模态矩阵加权正交的矩阵.在计算自由-自由结构的剩余柔度矩阵时,通过这种加权正交矩阵能够避免直接对子结构刚度矩阵的求逆运算.在此基础上提出了一种新的有阻尼振动系统的自由界面子结构综合法.算例分析表明,本文的方法具有很高的计算精度.     

Application of multivariate analysis of TOF-SIMS spectra for studying the effect of high glucose intake on aortic lipid profile

Aim

To study the effect of long-term glucose feeding on aortic lipid composition by using the time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS).

Method

Rats were divided into two groups, drinking water with or without 10% glucose from birth to 6 months of age. The aortic wall was dissected out, high-pressure frozen, freeze-fractured, freeze-dried and analyzed by TOF-SIMS using a Bismuth cluster ion source. Surface spectra were taken from standardized regions of the vessel wall.

Results

Different peaks, such as cholesterol, fatty acids (FAs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs), were identified by the principal component analysis as carries of variance between two groups. These peaks were then compared by conventional t-test. Our data showed that the intensity of cholesterol, but not FAs and DAGs, was significantly decreased in the glucose-drinking rat. Moreover, the long-term glucose intake changed ratios between different FAs in the aorta.

Conclusion

The long-term glucose intake led to decreased cholesterol intensity in the aortic wall and this effect was revealed through a global analytical approach with objective selection of significant variables.     

A Penalized Likelihood Approach to Rotation of Principal Components

A new paradigm for enhancing the interpretability of principal components through rotation is presented within the framework of penalized likelihood. The rotated components are computed as the maximizers of a Gaussian-based profile log-likelihood function plus a penalty term defined by a standard rotation criterion. This method enjoys a number of advantages over other methods for principal component rotation, notably (1) the rotation specifically targets ill-defined principal components, which may benefit the most from rotation, and (2) the connection with likelihood allows assessment of the fidelity of the rotated components to the data, thereby guiding the choice of penalty parameter. The method is illustrated with an application to a small functional dataset. Efficient computation of the penalized likelihood solution is possible using recently developed algorithms for optimization under orthogonality constraints.     

Determination of Trace Elements in Dendrobium Officinale Cultivated in Various Conditions

Dendrobium officinale is an important medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine. The consumption of D. officinale has increased rapidly in recent years due to the health awareness among Chinese people. The present study aimed to determine trace elements levels in 42 D. officinale samples and to utilize the elemental data for identifying the cultivation technique. Eighteen trace elements (B, V, Cr, As, Mn, Fe, Mo, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Sn, Ti, Al, Co, As Pb, Cd, and Bi) were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Of the 11 essential elements, the mean concentrations ranged from 30.6?µg?kg^?1 (Mo) in D. officinale with greenhouse cultivation to 161?mg?kg^?1 (Fe) in D. officinale with rock cultivation, and the contributions of Mn may exceed the dietary reference intake value by the uptake of 20?g of D. officinale. Of the seven toxic elements, the mean concentrations ranged from 3.29?µg?kg^?1 (Bi) in the D. officinale with greenhouse cultivation to 342?mg?kg^?1 (Al) in the D. officinale with rock cultivation, and the contributions of Al may exceed the provisional tolerable daily intake value by the uptake of 20?g of D. officinale. The concentrations of seven metals (Bi, Pb, Fe, Al, Cr, As, and Mo) were utilized to identify the cultivation technique of the analyzed D. officinale samples through linear discriminant analysis.     

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry of cuticular lipid profiles can differentiate sex, age, and mating status of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

Malaria is a devastating mosquito-borne disease, which affects hundreds of millions of people each year. It is transmitted predominantly by Anopheles gambiae, whose females must be >10 days old to become infective. In this study, cuticular lipids from a laboratory strain of this mosquito species were analyzed using a mass spectrometry method to evaluate their utility for age, sex and mating status differentiation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), in conjunction with an acenaphthene/silver nitrate matrix preparation, was shown to be 100% effective in classifying A. gambiae females into 1, 7–10, and 14 days of age. MALDI-MS analysis, supported by multivariate statistical methods, was also effective in detecting cuticular lipid differences between the sexes and between virgin and mated females. The technique requires further testing, but the obtained results suggest that MALDI-MS cuticular lipid spectra could be used for age grading of A. gambiae females with precision greater than with other available methods.     

Evaluation of automated sample preparation, retention time locked gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and data analysis methods for the metabolomic study of Arabidopsis species

In this paper, automated sample preparation, retention time locked gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and data analysis methods for the metabolomics study were evaluated. A miniaturized and automated derivatisation method using sequential oximation and silylation was applied to a polar extract of 4 types (2 types×2 ages) of Arabidopsis thaliana, a popular model organism often used in plant sciences and genetics. Automation of the derivatisation process offers excellent repeatability, and the time between sample preparation and analysis was short and constant, reducing artifact formation. Retention time locked (RTL) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used, resulting in reproducible retention times and GC-MS profiles. Two approaches were used for data analysis. XCMS followed by principal component analysis (approach 1) and AMDIS deconvolution combined with a commercially available program (Mass Profiler Professional) followed by principal component analysis (approach 2) were compared. Several features that were up- or down-regulated in the different types were detected.     

The multivariate N-Component resolution problem with minimum assumptions

The present state of the minimum assumption multivariate component resolution theory is outlined. Some new developments are presented: limiting function domains; the analytical expression for the limiting function; efficient algorithms for defining the FIRPOL and INNPOL hyperpolyhedrons. A very low resolution data set is analyzed.     

Dynamic Metabolic Profiling of Urine From Type 2 Diabetic KK-Ay Mice Treated with Repaglinide by GC-MS

Repaglinide is a short-acting insulin secretagogue, commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this paper, metabolomics were first applied to research of dynamic urine metabolic profiling and biomarkers of type 2 diabetic KK-A^y mice treated with repaglinide based on GC-MS. Twenty diabetic KK-A^y mice were randomly assigned to four groups and fed with repaglinide for 6, 9, 12, and 14 weeks, respectively. Five C57BL/6 J mice were used as the healthy control group and fed with water as contrast. The PCA scores plot of the identified 41 metabolites showed that as treating time went on, the diabetic groups got closer to the healthy group. Furthermore, five marker metabolites, d-Glucose, d-Galactose, 1,5-Anhydro-d-glucitol, myo-inositol and tartaric acid were screened out, which have similar change footprints of the whole metabolic profiles. The results demonstrated that repaglinide not only regulates the sugars and polyalcohol but also the organic acid in the organism. This work has illustrated the potential of metabolomics to disease diagnosis, pharmacology, and pharmacodynamics research.     

Exhaled breath condensate: Determination of non-volatile compounds and their potential for clinical diagnosis and monitoring. A review

Exhaled breath condensate is a promising, non-invasive, diagnostic sample obtained by condensation of exhaled breath. Starting from a historical perspective of early attempts of breath testing towards the contemporary state-of-the-art breath analysis, this review article focuses mainly on the progress in determination of non-volatile compounds in exhaled breath condensate. The mechanisms by which the aerosols/droplets of non-volatile compounds are formed in the airways are discussed with methodological consequences for sampling. Dilution of respiratory droplets is a major problem for correct clinical interpretation of the measured data and there is an urgent need for standardization of EBC. This applies also for collection instrumentation and therefore various commercial and in-house built devices are described and compared with regard to their design, function and collection parameters. The analytical techniques and methods for determination of non-volatile compounds as potential markers of oxidative stress and lung inflammation are scrutinized with an emphasis on method suitability, sensitivity and appropriateness. The relevance of clinical findings for each group of possible non-volatile markers of selected pulmonary diseases and methodological recommendations with emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration that is essential for future development into a fully validated clinical diagnostic tool are given.     

膦酰肽和膦酰酯肽的汇聚式合成

本文首先介绍了膦酰肽的分类、结构特征以及膦酰肽的主要合成方法,然后详细介绍了类Mannich反应在合成氨基膦酸衍生物中的应用,并介绍了以类Mannich反应为关键步骤通过汇聚式的方法合成膦酰肽、膦酰酯肽、次膦酰肽、次膦酰酯肽、磺酰膦酰杂交肽的研究进展.汇聚式的合成方法具有原料简单、合成步骤少、原子经济性好等优点.