城市可持续发展水平的指标体系及评价

从经济、环境、资源、社会发展和人口5个方面构建了评价城市可持续发展水平的指标体系.由于涉及到众多的指标,选择因子分析法通过降维处理,能使较多原始指标被综合为几个较少指标.实例证明,指标的选取、方法的选择都比较合理.     

反馈网络的反馈系数与负载效应的函数性

给出了四种负反馈电路反馈系数F的精确计算公式和近似计算公式。证明了电压负反馈电路的反馈系数和反馈网络的负载效应,都是负载RL的函数。     

Atomistic phenomena in dense fluid shock waves

The shock structure problem is one of the classical problems of fluid mechanics and at least for non-reacting dilute gases it has been considered essentially solved. Here we present a few recent findings, to show that this is not the case. There are still new physical effects to be discovered provided that the numerical technique is general enough to not rule them out a priori. While the results have been obtained for dense fluids, some of the effects might also be observable for shocks in dilute gases.     

Effect of Pressure on Fluid Damping in MEMS Torsional Resonators with Flow Ranging from Continuum to Molecular Regime

High quality factor of dynamic structures at micro and nano scale is exploited in various applications of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and nano electro-mechanical system. The quality factor of such devices can be very high in vacuum. However, when vacuum is not desirable or not possible, the tiny structures must vibrate in air or some other gas at pressure levels that may vary from atmospheric to low vacuum. The interaction of the surrounding fluid with the vibrating structure leads to dissipation, thus bringing down the quality factor. Depending on the ambient fluid pressure or the gap between the vibrating and the fixed structure, the fluid motion can range from continuum flow to molecular flow giving a wide range of dissipation. The relevant fluid flow characteristics are determined by the Knudsen number which is the ratio of the mean free path of the gas molecule to the characteristic flow length of the device. This number is very small for continuum flow and reasonably big for molecular flow. In this paper, we study the effect of fluid pressure on the quality factor by carrying out experiments on a MEMS device that consists of a double gimbaled torsional resonator. Such devices are commonly used in optical cross-connects and switches. We only vary fluid pressure to make the Knudsen number go through the entire range of continuum flow, slip flow, transition flow, and molecular flow. We experimentally determine the quality factor of the torsional resonator at different air pressures ranging from 760 Torr to 0.001 Torr. The variation of this pressure over six orders of magnitude ensures required rarefaction to range over all flow conditions. Finally, we get the variation of quality factor with pressure. The result indicates that the quality factor, Q, follows a power law, Q ∝P ^–r , with different values of the exponent r in different flow regimes. In the second part of the paper, we propose the use of effective viscosity for considering velocity slip conditions in solving Navier–Stokes equation numerically. This concept is validated with analytical results for a simple case and then compared with the experimental results presented in this paper. The study shows that the effective viscosity concept can be used effectively even for the molecular regime if the air-gap to length ratio is sufficiently small (h ₀/L<0.01). As this ratio increases, the range of validity decreases.     

Temperature factor effect on the structure of the separated flow within a supersonic gas stream

The effect of the temperature factor, that is, the ratio of the body temperature to the freestream stagnation temperature, on the structure of the separated flow formed in the presence of a concave corner in a supersonic stream is studied. The strong influence of the temperature factor on the separation zone length and the flow-generated aerodynamic characteristics is established. It is shown that for fairly large deflection angles this flow cannot be described by free interaction, or triple deck, theory.     

蜂王浆的营养保健功能

从第三代保健品功能因子的要求出发，试图从功能因子的角度综述蜂王浆的众多营养保健功能蜂王浆的营养保健功能众多，主要是延缓衰老、抗癌、增强机体免疫力、调节血液、美容等作用．     

因子分析-导数光谱法测定苯酚和间苯二酚混合物

本文测定了苯酚和间苯二酚混合体系的一阶导数光谱数据,用目标因子分析对这些导数数据进行处理,以探索因子分析在导数光谱中应用的可能性。在不加任何分离的情况下,成功地确定了苯酚和间苯二酚混合体系中的物种数、物种种类及含量。     

Electrical properties of polypyrrole/p‐InP structure

The polypyrrole/p‐InP structure has been fabricated by the electrochemical polymerization of the organic polypyrrole onto the p‐InP substrate. The current–voltage (I–V), capacitance–voltage (C–V), and capacitance–frequency (C–f) characteristics of the PPy/p‐InP structure have been determined at room temperature. The structure showed nonideal I–V behavior with the ideality factor and the barrier height 1.48 and 0.69 eV respectively. C–f measurements of the structure have been carried out using the Schottky capacitance spectroscopy technique and it has been seen that there is a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical values. Also, it has been seen that capacitance almost show a plateau up to a certain value of frequency, after which, the capacitance decreases. The higher values of capacitance at low frequencies were attributed to the excess capacitance resulting from the interface states in equilibrium with the p‐InP that can follow the a.c. signal. The interface state density N_ss and relaxation time τ of the structure were determined from C–f characteristics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1572–1579, 2006     

环境因素对跳远踏板准确性的分析研究

采用实验法、数理统计法对江西省不同等级男子跳远运动员踏板准确性受环境因素影响进行研究.结果表明:塑胶跑道与煤渣跑道,顺风跑,逆风跑,阴天,大量观众,噪音对跳远踏板准确性都具有较明显的影响.跳远运动员踏板的准确性一般不受运动员等级水平的影响.     

Gas transport through homogeneous and asymmetric polyethersulfone membranes

Both homogeneous and asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were prepared by solvent casting. The sorption and permeation behavior of CO₂, O₂, and N₂ using these two kinds of cast PES membranes and commercially available homogeneous PES film was investigated to extract the pressure dependence of gas permeability and the permselectivity for CO₂ relative to N₂, and to confirm the validity of the working assumption that a skin layer in an asymmetric membrane can be essentially replaced by a thick homogeneous dense membrane. The pressure dependence of the mean permeability coefficient to CO₂ in homogeneous membranes obeys the dual-mode mobility model. The ideal separation factor for CO₂ relative to N₂ at an upstream pressure of 0.5 MPa attains ca. 40, while the permeability to CO₂ is about 2.7 Barrer at the same upstream pressure. The same separation factor in asymmetric membranes amounts to 35. The diffusion behavior for the skin layer in an asymmetric membrane with a thin skin layer can be simulated approximately by that in a homogeneous dense membrane. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.