Real-time in situ monitoring of manufacturing process and CFRP quality by relative resistance change measurement

In situ monitoring of resin flow, impregnation of carbon fiber fabrics, and curing during composite manufacturing are very important for determining the quality of composite parts. In conventional methods, sensors, such as optical fibers and strain gages, are bonded to or embedded in the composites for measuring the changes in mechanical and chemical properties. Although they can detect resin curing behavior and impregnation of carbon fibers, they may adversely affect the manufacturing process or structural integrity of the composites. In this study, carbon fiber itself was used as a sensor that minimizes the degradation of mechanical properties and increases the efficiency of monitoring the manufacturing process. The change in the electrical resistance of carbon fiber fabrics was monitored during the various manufacturing processes when the resin flowed through the carbon fiber fabric and curing progressed. The effectiveness of this monitoring method was confirmed, and it is expected to be applicable in monitoring the quality of the finished composite parts.     

Low velocity impact response of flax/polypropylene hybrid roving based woven fabric composites: Where does it stand with respect to GRPC?

Flax-PP based thermally bonded roving (TBR) has a unique structure where the flax fibres remain twist-free and fully aligned along the roving axis. The present study describes an experimental investigation on the low velocity impact (LVI) behaviour of the TBR based woven fabric composites and compares the same with plain woven glass fabric reinforced PP composites (GRPC). Two different fabric architectures namely plain woven (PW) and unidirectional (UD) are fabricated using flax/PP based TBR. These TBR based woven fabrics and the glass fabric/PP sheets are consolidated in a compression moulding machine and the resultant composite-laminates are tested for their LVI behaviour. The impact test results revealed that the glass/PP composites absorb more energy and exhibit a higher peak load than both TBR based PW and UD fabric composites. However, the specific load and energy of all flax/PP composites are higher than the glass/PP composite. The damage tolerance of all composite laminates are evaluated by comparing their flexural strength before and after the impact. It is observed that the proportionate loss in flexural strength due to impact thrust is larger in case of glass/PP composites than all flax-PP composites.     

Electrochemical Oxidative Determination and Electrochemical Behavior of 4‐Nitrophenol Based on an Au Electrode Modified with Electro‐polymerized 3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole Film

A simple and fast electrochemical method was described and evaluated to determine the hazardous compound, 4‐nitrophenol (4NP). In this work, concentration of 4NP was determined by differential wave voltammetry (DPV). A gold electrode (Au) was modified with 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (35DT). The modified electrode (35DT‐Au) was characterized by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), fouirer transform infrared spektrofotometre (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and DPV. The modified electrode showed more sensitivity towards 4NP compared to unmodified one. A wide linear concentration range from 0.24 to 130.6 μM was obtained for 4NP with a detection limit of 0.09 μM. In the reproducibility and repeatability studies, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) values of the method were obtained as 3.72 % and 2.56 %, respectively, which are acceptable values. This proposed method was successfully used for the analysis of 4NP in lake and tap water samples. Simplicity, sensitivity, selectivity and high efficiency of the proposed method can be used in routine analysis of trace amounts of 4NP in polluted waters.     

Multivalent ions and biomolecules: Attempting a comprehensive perspective

Ions are ubiquitous in nature. They play a key role for many biological processes on the molecular scale, from molecular interactions, to mechanical properties, to folding, to self-organisation and assembly, to reaction equilibria, to signalling, to energy and material transport, to recognition etc. Going beyond monovalent ions to multivalent ions, the effects of the ions are frequently not only stronger (due to the obviously higher charge), but qualitatively different. A typical example is the process of binding of multivalent ions, such as Ca²⁺, to a macromolecule and the consequences of this ion binding such as compaction, collapse, potential charge inversion and precipitation of the macromolecule. Here we review these effects and phenomena induced by multivalent ions for biological (macro)molecules, from the “atomistic/molecular” local picture of (potentially specific) interactions to the more global picture of phase behaviour including, e. g., crystallisation, phase separation, oligomerisation etc. Rather than attempting an encyclopedic list of systems, we rather aim for an embracing discussion using typical case studies. We try to cover predominantly three main classes: proteins, nucleic acids, and amphiphilic molecules including interface effects. We do not cover in detail, but make some comparisons to, ion channels, colloidal systems, and synthetic polymers. While there are obvious differences in the behaviour of, and the relevance of multivalent ions for, the three main classes of systems, we also point out analogies. Our attempt of a comprehensive discussion is guided by the idea that there are not only important differences and specific phenomena with regard to the effects of multivalent ions on the main systems, but also important similarities. We hope to bridge physico-chemical mechanisms, concepts of soft matter, and biological observations and connect the different communities further.     

橡胶支座水平剪切弹塑性力学性能试验研究

通过对铅芯橡胶支座剪切弹塑性力学性能试验,发现铅芯橡胶支座的滞回曲线与加载时程密切相关,在同一水平应变下,水平剪切刚度随加载次数的增多有所减小,最后趋于稳定;在不同应变下,水平剪切刚度随应变的增大而减小.试验还表明铅芯橡胶支座不仅在大应变存在着小应变滞回特性,而且在小应变也存在着小应变滞回特性.     

含能材料HMX-RDX的热行为研究

采用差示扫描量热法研究了含能材料1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂环辛烷-环三甲撑三硝胺(HMX-RDX)的热行为。结果表明,当m(HMX)∶m(RDX)=25∶75时HMX和RDX达到了共熔。随着RDX含量的增加,HMX-RDX的晶型转变温度有所升高,晶型转化的热焓逐渐减少,共熔热焓却随之增加,共熔温度基本保持不变。     

具有储能功能的聚氨酯固-固相变材料的研究

以高分子量聚乙二醇(PEG)为软段,4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MD I)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为硬段,采用两步溶液法合成了一种具有固-固相变储能性能的聚氨酯材料,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、偏光显微镜(POM)等手段分析了该材料的形态结构和相变行为,并对其储能机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明:该聚氨酯型相变材料具有良好的储热性能,相变焓较大,相变温度适中,热性能稳定,相变过程中不产生液体,其相变实质是聚氨酯软段PEG由结晶固态转变为非晶固态的过程。     

企业员工-管理者互动行为的定性模拟实现

采用定性模拟方法研究了企业员工一管理者互动行为．根据定性模拟和组织行为学相关理论,将管理者任职后与下属员工相处的过程视为相互影响的动态变化过程,建立了能够表达这种动态变化的定性状态变量和作用规则;采用C＋＋语言实现了定性模拟程序QSHR;通过一个例子的有效性验证说明所设计程序能够表达互动行为的定性模型,所得结论符合管理原则．通过一个对比不同状态下管理者和员工群体行为表现实际应用,论述了QSHR的应用方法和对管理实践的重要参考意义．     

The effect of variety seeking behaviour on optimal product positioning

In this paper we develop a stochastic (first order Markovian) consumer choice model that represents variety seeking behaviour and we investigate the practical implications of this model for optimal product positioning relative to a zero order model that does not incorporate variety seeking. We show that the optimal positioning implications of a variety seeking process is indeed different than those of a (no-variety-seeking) zero order process. Based on intuition, one might expect increased variety seeking to imply that firms should increase the distance between their products in an attribute space. In fact, we show that this effect does occur for relatively low share brands. But just the opposite effect holds for relatively high share brands. That is, variety seeking behaviour generates a desire to more differentiation among low share brands, and a desire for less differentiation among high share brands.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土桥梁力学性能研究综述(Ⅱ)

根据国内外已有的锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件力学性能研究成果,分析了各种研究锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件力学性能的试验方法的特点及其适用性,总结了各种不同受力形式锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件的承载力模型,讨论了各种模型的优缺点和适用范围.最后根据存在的问题,对锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件的力学性能的研究进行了展望和建议.