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171.
Halima Alem 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(3):327-331
Surface initiated polymerization of N(isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM) was performed by controlled radical polymerization on PET track-etched membranes presenting two different pore diameters (narrow pores: ∼80 nm and large pores: ∼330 nm). The opening and closing characteristics of the resulting PNIPAM-g-PET membranes were investigated by conductometric measurements carried out at different temperatures below and above the LCST of PNIPAM and in the presence of different salts. Depending on the membrane pore size, two types of permeation control mechanisms are observed. In large pore membranes, expanded PNIPAM chains conformations result in reduced effective pore size and therefore lower permeabilities relative to collapsed macromolecules chain conformations. In contrast, in narrow pore membranes, the expanded PNIPAM brush presents greater degrees of hydration in the surface layer and therefore gives rise to higher permeabilities than the collapsed conformation. In this situation, the overall permeability is thus comparable to that of a hydrogel membrane. 相似文献
172.
The impact of small amounts of organomodified clay (OMMT) on the photo-degradation behaviour of two blends obtained by mixing either low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or high density polyethylene (HDPE) with polyamide 6 (PA6) (LDPE/PA6 and HDPE/PA6 75/25 wt-%) was studied. The complex photo-degradation behaviour was followed by monitoring the main physical-mechanical properties of the blends. In particular, mechanical and spectroscopic tests were performed in conditions of accelerated artificial aging. An accurate mechanical and morphological characterization was previously carried out. The presence of the OMMT promotes the unexpected formation of a co-continuous morphology for the HDPE/PA6 blend without significantly improving the interfacial adhesion. Differently, the OMMT-filled LDPE/PA6 blend exhibits a finely distributed morphology, and some apparent improvement of the interfacial adhesion was noticed. Probably due to these differences in microstructure, a different impact of the nanoparticles on the photo-resistance behaviours was observed for the two families of samples. In particular, the HDPE-based nanocomposite blend exhibits an improved photo-resistance, while the opposite occurs for the LDPE-based system. 相似文献
173.
The ferroelectric compounds Pb2Na1−xLaxNb5−xFexO15 and Pb0.5(5−x)LaxNb5−xFexO15 (0≤x≤1) with the tungsten bronze type structure have been investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The evolution of the spectra as a function of composition at room temperature is reported. In the frequency range 200-1000 cm−1 three main A1 phonons around 240 (υ1), 630 (υ2) and 816 (υ3) cm−1 were observed. The broadening of the Raman lines for high values of x originates from a significant structural disorder. This is in good agreement with the relaxor character of these compositions. The lowest-frequency part of the spectra, below 180 cm−1, reveals a structural change in the studied solid solutions. The behaviour of the Raman shift of the υ1 mode confirms that in Pb2Na1−xLaxNb5−xFexO15, a clear anomaly occurs in the vicinity of x=0.4. 相似文献
174.
《Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation》2014,19(4):941-966
A classic problem in elementary cellular automata (ECAs) is the specification of numerical tools to represent and study their dynamical behaviour. Mean field theory and basins of attraction have been commonly used; however, although the first case gives the long term estimation of density, frequently it does not show an adequate approximation for the step-by-step temporal behaviour; mainly for non-trivial behaviour. In the second case, basins of attraction display a complete representation of the evolution of an ECA, but they are limited up to configurations of 32 cells; and for the same ECA, one can obtain tens of basins to analyse. This paper is devoted to represent the dynamics of density in ECAs for hundreds of cells using only two surfaces calculated by the nearest-neighbour interpolation. A diversity of surfaces emerges in this analysis. Consequently, we propose a surface and histogram based classification for periodic, chaotic and complex ECA. 相似文献
175.
Spreading behaviour of the dimeric surfactant polyethylene-glycoldistearate (PEGDS) monolayer at air/water interface has been
studied using surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms as a function of temperature. The isotherms show a plateau suggesting
a transition between a liquid expanded (LE) and a condensed state. The condensed state possibly arises due to nucleation and
growth of multilayers from the monolayer. Isobaric measurements of bothA-T and π-T at constant area show transitions atT = 295 K. These plots suggest a melting followed by formation of condensed microcrystallites. Structure optimization carried
out using various angles of orientation of the alkyl tails with respect to the backbone in PEGDS reveals tilt transitions
of the tails in different states which can be related to the packing behaviour seen in the isotherms. Optical microscopy has
been used to confirm the structures in these states. 相似文献
176.
A.T. McBride A. Javili P. Steinmann S. Bargmann 《Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids》2011,59(10):2116-2133
Surfaces can have a significant influence on the overall response of a continuum body but are often neglected or accounted for in an ad hoc manner. This work is concerned with a nonlinear continuum thermomechanics formulation which accounts for surface structures and includes the effects of diffusion and viscoelasticity. The formulation is presented within a thermodynamically consistent framework and elucidates the nature of the coupling between the various fields, and the surface and the bulk. Conservation principles are used to determine the form of the constitutive relations and the evolution equations. Restrictions on the jump in the temperature and the chemical potential between the surface and the bulk are not a priori assumptions, rather they arise from the reduced dissipation inequality on the surface and are shown to be satisfiable without imposing the standard assumptions of thermal and chemical slavery. The nature of the constitutive relations is made clear via an example wherein the form of the Helmholtz energy is explicitly given. 相似文献
177.
对智能复合材料在经受单向拉-拉试验产生的光纤疲劳失效性能进行了研究,对智能复合材料内的光纤方位角分别为0°,45°,90°进行了应力-寿命试验,在输入应变能量的基础上提出了疲劳失效准则,这一准则可用于光纤方位角的调整和应力比的分析。 相似文献
178.
179.
This paper considers a class of fourth order nonlinear difference equations Δ2(r
n
Δ2(y
n
) + Δ2(r
n
,f(n,n
n
)=0,n ∈N(n
0) wheref(n, y) may be classified as superlinear, sublinear, strongly superlinear and strongly sublinear. In superlinear and sublinear cases,
necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the difference equation to admit the existence of nonoscillatory solutions
with special asymptotic properties. In strongly superlinear and strongly sublinear cases, sufficient conditions are given
for all solutions to be oscillatory.
Partially Supported by the National Science Foundation of China 相似文献
180.
Andrew Ya. Olenko Tibor K. Pogány 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2006,324(1):262-280
Time shifted aliasing error upper bound extremals for the sampling reconstruction procedure are fully characterized. Sharp upper bounds are found on the aliasing error of truncated cardinal series and the corresponding extremals are described for entire functions from certain specific Lp, p>1, classes. Analogous results are obtained in multidimensional regular sampling. Truncation error analysis is provided in all cases considered. Moreover, sharpness of bounding inequalities, convergence rates and various sufficient conditions are discussed. 相似文献