全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16523篇 |
免费 | 1071篇 |
国内免费 | 874篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1727篇 |
晶体学 | 65篇 |
力学 | 3893篇 |
综合类 | 99篇 |
数学 | 852篇 |
物理学 | 2171篇 |
综合类 | 9661篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 50篇 |
2023年 | 161篇 |
2022年 | 477篇 |
2021年 | 417篇 |
2020年 | 360篇 |
2019年 | 273篇 |
2018年 | 274篇 |
2017年 | 403篇 |
2016年 | 522篇 |
2015年 | 526篇 |
2014年 | 687篇 |
2013年 | 740篇 |
2012年 | 770篇 |
2011年 | 837篇 |
2010年 | 648篇 |
2009年 | 785篇 |
2008年 | 750篇 |
2007年 | 1071篇 |
2006年 | 940篇 |
2005年 | 804篇 |
2004年 | 764篇 |
2003年 | 719篇 |
2002年 | 605篇 |
2001年 | 573篇 |
2000年 | 536篇 |
1999年 | 480篇 |
1998年 | 412篇 |
1997年 | 358篇 |
1996年 | 373篇 |
1995年 | 329篇 |
1994年 | 303篇 |
1993年 | 252篇 |
1992年 | 214篇 |
1991年 | 216篇 |
1990年 | 181篇 |
1989年 | 142篇 |
1988年 | 144篇 |
1987年 | 125篇 |
1986年 | 77篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 34篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
81.
Protein tyrosine nitration is a post-translational modification that occurs under conditions of oxidative stress and may play a role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as asthma. Through their ability to generate reactive oxygen species in macrophages and epithelial cells, particulate pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), may lead to a worsening of the asthmatic condition. In this study, we looked for evidence of oxidative modification of proteins in RAW 264.7 cell line treated with DEP chemicals. We show that the induction of oxidative stress is accompanied by 53 newly expressed proteins which are suppressed by a thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. These include antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory components, and products of intermediary metabolism. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was identified as a biologically relevant oxidative stress protein that is induced concurrent with increased NO production and protein tyrosine-nitration in DEP-exposed RAW 264.7 cells. Utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, anti-nitrotyrosine immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry led to the identification of an additional ten nitrotyrosine modified proteins, including oxidative stress proteins involved in intermediary metabolism (e.g., GAPDH and enolase), antioxidant defense (e.g., MnSOD) and inhibition of proteosomal activity (e.g., Hsp 90alpha). These oxidative proteins may serve as markers for oxidative stress generation in vivo. 相似文献
82.
P.W. ZhuY.N. Zhao B. WangZ. He D.M. LiG.T. Zou 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2002,167(2):420-424
We present low stress cubic boron nitride (cBN) films with a transition layer deposited on the metal alloy substrates by tuned substrate radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The IR peak position of cubic boron nitride at 1006.3 cm−1, which is close to the stressless state, indicates that the film has very low internal stress. The TEM image shows that pure CBN phase exists on the surface of the film. Several phases of boron nitride were found at the medium implantation dose. It is believed that the transition from the low ordered phases to cBN phase occurred during implantation. 相似文献
83.
84.
As an extension of previous reports, the barium carbonate procedure has been optimized in detail for the preparation of apolar columns. The aim was to produce optimum overall column characteristics, and to maintain them unchanged under the prolonged influence of the highest possible temperature. The main parameters under optimization were glass variety, leaching of glass surface with aqueous HCl, and amount of barium carbonate deposited, while deactivation and coating were kept constant. The basic column characteristics were adsorption properties and thermostability of deactivation, acid/base behaviour and separation efficiency. They were determined by a new, quantitative testing procedure. Intense leaching was able to eliminate almost totally the differences between glass varieties and to create a well-defined glass surface. While untreated glass, leached glass, and barium carbonate treated glass showed specific weak points in the respective column quality, the combination of leaching and barium carbonate treatment yielded the highest and most stable quality. Some technical modifications of the preparation procedure are described, including deactivation in the gas phase, and use of pentane as a solvent for static coating. 相似文献
85.
Daniel William Tholen 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1998,3(9):362-366
There are three stages to evaluating a laboratory's results in an interlaboratory proficiency test: establishing the correct
result for the test item, determining an evaluation statistic for the particular result, and establishing an acceptable range.
There are a wide variety of procedures for accomplishing these three stages and a correspondingly wide variety of statistical
techniques in use. Currently in North America the largest number of laboratory proficiency test programs are in the clinical
laboratory field, followed by programs for environmental laboratories that test drinking water and waste water. Proficiency
testing in both of these fields is under the jurisdiction of the federal government and other regulatory and accreditation
agencies. Many of the statistical procedures are specified in the regulations, to assure comparability of different programs
and a fair evaluation of performance. In this article statistical procedures recommended in International Organization for
Standardization Guide 43, Part 1, are discussed and compared with current practices in North America.
Received: 22 April 1998 · Accepted: 12 May 1998 相似文献
86.
87.
PbO2阳极在硫酸溶液中的析氧失活行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用热分解鄄电镀法制备了以Sb 掺杂SnO2(Sb-SnO2)为底层的Ti 基PbO2阳极(Ti/PbO2). 采用加速电解寿命测试、电化学阻抗谱、XRD、SEM-EDX 等技术, 研究了Ti/PbO2阳极在硫酸溶液中的电解失效行为和机制.结果表明,在新制备的PbO2镀层中, 由于氧空位的存在, PbO2镀层的内应力表现为拉应力, 随着电解的进行, 阳极表面生成的活性氧原子在向基底扩散的过程中, 将Pb3+态氧化为Pb4+态, 逐渐占据镀层内作为自由电子施主的氧空位, 这不仅导致镀层的导电性能下降, 同时使镀层的应力逐渐由拉应力转变为压应力, 镀层性质逐渐劣化. 这一过程基本结束时,活性氧原子才大量扩散至Ti基底导致基底的钝化, 在Ti 基底和镀层界面出现显著的界面应力, 在界面应力和镀层内压应力的共同作用下, 阳极出现鼓泡、脱落, 迅速进入失活阶段. 相似文献
88.
The interlaboratory variability in the quantification of adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) in industrially contaminated
soil is presented. Three consecutive rounds of a proficiency testing scheme, in which between 88 and 119 routine laboratories
participated, yielded relative reproducibility standard deviations between 7 and 20% at AOX contents between 10.9 and 268 mg
kg−1. Nineteen laboratories with established proficiency were invited to participate in the certification of the AOX content in
three soil reference materials meant for the internal quality control in analytical laboratories. The certified values are
(1349 ± 59) mg kg−1, (80 ± 7) mg kg−1 and (102 ± 8) mg kg−1, respectively. 相似文献
89.
钢结构吊车梁在工业建筑中被广泛应用,应力集中的存在导致几何不连续位置在复杂应力下服役.借助有限元法分析吊车梁应力-应变状态,确定危险点位置,并提取应力、应变分量;以应变能密度作为损伤参量并以最大平面为临界面,基于能量准则建立临界面位置数值计算方法,结合有限元结果给出吊车梁临界面位置;考虑吊车梁在非对称载荷下服役,借助Goodman方程进行平均应力修正,并结合Q355D钢近似S-N曲线计算疲劳寿命.该方法考虑了应力集中处多轴应力对疲劳损伤的影响,可以为复杂应力下几何不连续钢构件的疲劳寿命评估提供新方法. 相似文献
90.
本文论述了钴孔灌注桩超声脉中检测法的原理、仪器和方法.分析了当超声脉冲穿过缺陷区时其传播时间、幅值(或衰减)以及接收信号波形所呈现的变化.提出了基于"声时—深度"曲线的缺陷定量判据.即声时差值与斜率乘积判据.该判据能估算缺陷的性质和大小.而且,若将该判据与"幅值—深度"曲线综合运用,则可提高检测和判断结果的精度. 相似文献