生姜挥发性成分的分析

本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了生姜挥发性成分，并用GC／MS方法对提取的挥发性成分进行了鉴定。共鉴定了30种化学成分，并进行了讨论。     

Molecular distillation

Molecular distillation was studied for the separation of tocopherols from soya sludge, both experimentally and by simulation, under different operating conditions, with good agreement. Evaporator temperatures varied from 100°C to 160°C and feed flow rates ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 kg/h. The process pressure was maintained at 10⁻⁶ bar, the feed temperature at 50°C, the condenser temperature at 60°C, and the stirring at 350 rpm. For each process condition, samples of both streams (distillate and residue) were collected and stored at −18°C before tocopherols analyses. Owing to the differences between molecular weights and vapor pressures of free fatty acids and tocopherols, tocopherols preferentially remained in the residue at evaporator temperatures of 100°C and 120°C, whereas for higher temperatures (140°C and 160°C) and lower feed flow rate, tocopherols tended to migrate to the distillate stream.     

含硫液体烃燃料水蒸气重整制氢I．Pt／Ce0．8Gd0．2O1．9催化剂的制备、表征和抗硫性能

以柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成的具有萤石结构的Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9（CGO）复合氧化物为载体，用初湿浸润法制备了负载型Pt催化剂．纯异辛烷的重整反应结果显示，600和800℃焙烧的催化剂达到了热力学平衡转化，1000℃焙烧会导致Pt的聚集和氧化物的严重烧结，因而催化剂活性较差．抗硫测试表明，800℃焙烧的催化剂抗硫性能最好，在300μg／g硫存在下，100h内异辛烷均接近完全转化；在500μg／g硫存在下催化剂仍表现出良好抗硫性能．程序升温还原和X射线分析结果显示．800℃焙烧时Pt与CGO载体间的相互作用最强，同时催化剂具有良好的热稳定性，这是催化剂具有抗硫性能并且抗硫作用持久的根本原因．反应条件下噻吩硫完全转化成H2S，硫的转化可能是通过氧化-还原机理进行的．     

Multiple steady states in a CSTR with total condenser: Comparison of equilibrium and nonequilibrium models

Comparison of equilibrium and nonequilibrium models of a CSTR with total condenser focused on the multiple steady states and dynamic behaviour was carried out. The steady-state behaviour of the model system, MTBE synthesis from methanol and isobutene in a reactive distillation column, was studied in terms of the input parameters, i. e. feed flow rate of methanol or butenes, reflux ratio, and mass of catalyst. The dynamic behaviour of the system during the start-up was investigated and perturbations of manipulated variables were found to cause transitions between the parallel steady states. Presented at the 33rd International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 22–26 May 2006.     

Gas chromatographic determination of residual hydrazine and morpholine in boiler feed water and steam condensates

Summary Hydrazine, an oxygen scavenger in boiler water, was derivatised to the corresponding acetone azine and determined at the ng ml^–1 level by gas chromatography. Morpholine, a corrosion inhibitor used in steam boilers, was estimated either directly (if >2.0 g ml^–1) or by quantitative preconcentration (0.1 ng – 2.0 g ml^–1). To obtain symmetrical peaks for these amines, the column packing was coated with KOH. Use of a nitrogen-specific detector improved accuracy of estimation of hydrazine and morpholine, giving a RSD of 1.9–3.6%. Chromatographic analysis of these amines in boiler feed water and steam condensate samples collected from boilers servicing a petroleum refinery is described. Environmental safety regulations calls for monitoring of hydrazine and the methods developed can easily be adapted for this purpose.     

镁修饰丝光沸石对萘异丙基化选择性的影响

2，6-二异丙基萘是制备高级聚酯材料PEN和液晶聚合物的原料。用择形催化剂丝光沸石代替传统的Friedel—Crafts催化剂，在高压釜中以萘和丙烯为原料经异丙基化反应合成了2，6-DIPN。采用浸渍法用少量镁盐修饰水汽脱铝氢型丝光沸石（SDHM），减少了SDHM外表面的强B酸中心和非择形产物的生成，从而使2，6-DIPN的择形率提高到71％。2，6-DIPN／2，7-DIPN摩尔比达到2．89，有利于2，6-DIPN的分离提纯。     

白花茵陈茎叶中挥发油化学成分的研究

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏和石油醚萃取法提取白花茵陈中的挥发油,并通过GC-MS对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定.结果表明,2种方法提取的挥发油的主要化学成分基本相似,主要为萜烯类及其含氧衍生物（如百里香酚和香荆芥酚）和脂肪酸及其酯等.     

动态累积间歇精馏的温度控制研究

研究了用塔顶温度控制累积罐进行自动切换的操作方法，并以异丙醇一正丙醇为实验物系进行了该操作方法的实验，结果表明，根据塔顶温度控制累积罐自动切换的方法操作稳定、控制可靠，通过实验，给出了温度设定点的选择原则，并讨论了此操作在分离高浓度物料中的表现，认为此操作方法适用范围广泛，实用性强．     

在蒸汽测量中弯管流量计采用水平导压管取代冷凝罐

讨论了弯管流量计在蒸汽测量中使用冷凝罐对计量精度的影响，重点进行弯管流量计采用水平导压管用于蒸汽测量的可行性分析，得出可以用水平导压管取代冷凝罐的结论。     

过程集成技术在精馏塔用能系统中的应用

本文通过对精馏过程用能系统的分析，提出了在精馏设计中采用过程集成技术的工作程序；利用过程集成技术原理和ASPEN模拟计算软件，通过构造CGCC曲线的方法，对应用实例进行了分析。结果表明，应用过程集成技术可使精馏过程能量的利用更合理。