水蒸气蒸馏实验的改进

该文对现有《有机化学实验》教材中水蒸气蒸馏实验方案存在的问题进行了评述,开发了以丁香为原料进行水蒸气蒸馏实验的新方案。新的实验方案不仅绿色、环保,实验现象明显,而且与工业实际结合紧密,产品有实用价值,能激发学生学习的兴趣。     

基于Contrast box算法的图像序列有用目标段搜寻方法

提出一种基于Contrast box算法的红外弱小多目标图像序列有用目标段搜寻方法,引用每帧图像的信号量来搜索红外图像序列中含有目标的有用信息段.描述了Contrast box算法和搜索有用目标段处理过程,分析了阈值权值系数和目标所占像元面积选取的不同对图像有用目标段搜索的影响,给出了每幅图像的统计信号量.实验表明,该方法在执行效率和搜索时间上能够取得满意的结果.     

Is Quantum Mechanics Incompatible with Newton’s First Law?

Quantum mechanics (QM) clearly violates Newton’s First Law of Motion (NFLM) in the quantum domain for one of the simplest problems, yielding an effect in a force-free region much like the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In addition, there is an incompatibility between the predictions of QM in the classical limit, and that of classical mechanics (CM) with respect to NFLM. A general argument is made that such a disparity may be found commonly for a wide variety of quantum predictions in the classical limit. Alternatives to the Schrödinger equation are considered that might avoid this problem. The meaning of the classical limit is examined. Critical views regarding QM by Schrödinger, Bohm, Bell, Clauser, and others are presented to provide a more complete perspective.     

单箱单室箱梁横隔板、墙剪切应变能计算

基于现代箱形梁桥的截面壁越来越薄,而且许多要承受轨道车辆传来的超大荷载,这都让横隔板、横隔墙受力性能的深入研究变得重要。根据单箱单室箱梁截面的变形,设计位移参数,导出横截面横向、竖向畸变角的变位模式。采用刚架或板件来模拟横隔板和横隔墙的计算简图。利用力学和有限元原理,推导出横隔板、横隔墙的抗剪刚度、剪切应变能。最后为验证正确性,将此方法的计算结果与商业有限元软件计算结果进行比较。结果表明：两者计算结果接近,说明本文提出的计算理论与方法是正确和完整的;本文计算方法较之商业有限元软件方法更加简便实用,且对横隔板、横隔墙单独计算或置入车-桥系统中计算,计算精度都保持不变;横隔板、横隔墙的剪切应变能都随位移成幂函数增加,说明其对增加箱梁截面的横向刚度,抵抗截面畸变的作用很大。     

子自仿射集的Hausdorff维数

定义了箱维数,研究了其性质,并获得了Ｈａｕｓｄｏｒｆｆ维数和Ｐａｃｋｉｎｇ维数的另一表达式。最后,计算了一类子集的分数维。     

300MW锅炉汽包接管角焊缝缺陷安全评定

运用我国“压力容器缺陷评定规范”CVDA-1984及英国“Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures”BS7910-1999,对300MW锅炉汽包接管缺陷安全性进行评定。汽包接管缺陷评定所需的汽包各运行工况温度场、应力场,通过有限元计算获得。评定结果表明：在设计工况下的30年服役期内,该锅炉汽包接管现有缺陷不会引发一次性脆性断裂,汽包现有缺陷扩展不会对安全运行构成威胁,汽包现有缺陷可不进行返修处理而继续安全运行。     

裂缝性稠油油藏热采试井理论模型研究

随着国民经济的持续发展,各行各业对能源需求的增加和开采技术的不断进步,裂缝性稠油油藏的开采已势在必行.针对裂缝性稠油油藏热力开采的特点,建立了蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱开采条件下考虑热损失的试井理论模型,求出了无限大地层条件下该模型的拉氏空间解.运用数值反演算法绘制了典型曲线,并对各参数的敏感性进行了分析.     

基于新型广义位移的箱形梁扭转单元及应用

为了改进变截面连续箱梁桥的扭转分析理论,将截面总扭转角分解为自由翘曲扭转角和约束剪切扭转角,选取自由翘曲转角扭率作为广义位移,提出一个2节点8自由度的扭转梁段单元。从约束扭转控制微分方程出发,推导单元刚度矩阵及等效节点荷载列阵。引入应力增大系数,以反映约束扭转对初等梁应力的增大效应。数值算例验证了本文梁段单元的可靠性。最后对一个三跨变截面连续箱梁桥进行分析,结果表明,双力矩影响线与弯矩影响线较为类似,按双力矩影响线进行最不利荷载加载时最大应力值偏小;应力增大系数在集中荷载作用截面出现极值,均发生在腹板与顶板交点处;利用偏载放大系数来考虑扭转附加效应时,不宜考虑弯曲正应力较小及翘曲正应力出现极值的梁段区域。     

Numerical Prediction of Two-Phase Flow through a Tube Bundle Based on Reduced-Order Model and a Void Fraction Correlation

Predicting the void fraction of a two-phase flow outside of tubes is essential to evaluate the thermohydraulic behaviour in steam generators. Indeed, it determines two-phase mixture properties and affects two-phase mixture velocity, which enable evaluating the pressure drop of the system. The two-fluid model for the numerical simulation of two-phase flows requires interaction laws between phases which are not known and/or reliable for a flow within a tube bundle. Therefore, the mixture model, for which it is easier to implement suitable correlations for tube bundles, is used. Indeed, by expressing the relative velocity as a function of slip, the void fraction model of Feenstra et al. and Hibiki et al. developed for upward cross-flow through horizontal tube bundles is introduced and compared. With the method suggested in this paper, the physical phenomena that occur in tube bundles are taken into consideration. Moreover, the tube bundle is modelled using a porous media approach where the Darcy–Forchheimer term is usually defined by correlations found in the literature. However, for some tube bundle geometries, these correlations are not available. The second goal of the paper is to quickly compute, in quasi-real-time, this term by a non-intrusive parametric reduced model based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. This method, named Bi-CITSGM (Bi-Calibrated Interpolation on the Tangent Subspace of the Grassmann Manifold), consists in interpolating the spatial and temporal bases by ITSGM (Interpolation on the Tangent Subspace of the Grassmann Manifold) in order to define the solution for a new parameter. The two developed methods are validated based on the experimental results obtained by Dowlati et al. for a two-phase cross-flow through a horizontal tube bundle.     

高温涡轮叶片内冷通道强化换热试验系统设计

针对重型燃气轮机高温涡轮叶片的双工质冷却技术,设计建造了研究带肋复杂叶片内冷通道内蒸汽/空气流动及强化换热特性的试验平台。该平台由压缩机、蒸汽发生器分别提供冷却空气和蒸汽源,可以进行叶片内冷通道内蒸汽、空气两种工质的对流、冲击、肋柱扰流及多种冷却结构下的冷却换热机理和摩擦阻力特性研究。从而能揭示叶片内冷通道内流动阻力、表面强化换热与不同冷却结构几何参数及气(汽)动参数的影响规律。获得单元通道内蒸汽/空气为冷却介质的高效冷却结构及相关换热关联准则式。