Numerical and asymptotic study of non‐axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer stagnation‐point flows

Both numerical and asymptotic analyses are performed to study the similarity solutions of three‐dimensional boundary‐layer viscous stagnation point flow in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. The three‐dimensional boundary‐layer is analyzed in a non‐axisymmetric stagnation point flow, in which the flow is developed because of influence of both applied magnetic field and external mainstream flow. Two approaches for the governing equations are employed: the Keller‐box numerical simulations solving full nonlinear coupled system and a corresponding linearized system that is obtained under a far‐field behavior and in the limit of large shear‐to‐strain‐rate parameter (λ). From these two approaches, the flow phenomena reveals a rich structure of new family of solutions for various values of the magnetic number and λ. The various results for the wall stresses and the displacement thicknesses are presented along with some velocity profiles in both directions. The analysis discovered that the flow separation occurs in the secondary flow direction in the absence of magnetic field, and the flow separation disappears when the applied magnetic field is increased. The flow field is divided into a near‐field (due to viscous forces) and far‐field (due to mainstream flows), and the velocity profiles form because of an interaction between two regions. The magnetic field plays an important role in reducing the thickness of the boundary‐layer. A physical explanation for all observed phenomena is discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

带柔性隔板弯曲连续箱梁有限条法分析

本文利用凝聚矩阵求隔板与箱联结点赘余力,进而分析带柔性隔板的曲线连续箱梁及其隔板的内力,并对刚、柔性隔板与无隔板多跨曲箱梁以及直条法与曲条法进行分析比较,表明本文计算结果是令人满意的,从中得到有关结论。     

脱灰预处理对水稻秸秆物化性/水蒸气气化反应特性的影响

在固定床反应器中研究了水洗、不同浓度酸洗预处理对水稻秸秆物化性/水蒸气气化反应特性的影响。结果表明,水洗处理后稻秆中的钾、钠脱除率分别为90.5%和82.1%,酸洗处理后稻秆中的钾脱除率达到99.2%,而钠脱除率随酸种类略有差异,在84.6%~92.3%;酸洗并未改变稻秆中主要组分含量,但破坏了稻秆微观物理结构。比较不同浓度酸洗后稻秆的孔容、孔径分布、BET比表面积发现,各指标的排列顺序均为水洗稻秆>3%硫酸洗后稻秆>原稻秆>7%硫酸洗后稻秆>10%硫酸洗后稻秆;各种预处理酸的浓度均为3%时,硫酸洗后稻秆的孔容、孔径分布、BET比表面积最大,而磷酸洗后稻秆各指标则最小。水蒸气气化结果表明,钾、钠及丰富的孔径结构均能促进H₂的生成,且钾、钠对气化过程的作用明显强于孔径结构对气化过程的影响。水洗稻秆气化产气中H₂、CO₂的瞬时释放浓度高于酸洗稻秆;CO、CH₄则相反。4种酸的浓度为3%时,稻秆气化中H₂、CO₂瞬时释放浓度与稻秆孔径分布呈正相关性;CO、CH₄瞬时释放浓度则与稻秆孔径分布呈负相关性。4种酸浓度为3%时,孔径越丰富,气化速率越快。脱灰预处理虽降低了稻秆气化氢气产率,但提高了气化气体热值。     

胜利褐煤半焦冷却处理对其微观结构及反应性能的影响

采用不同的冷却方式对胜利褐煤热解"热"半焦进行冷却处理,考查了冷却方式对半焦微观结构及反应性能的影响.利用特制两段新型石英反应器,在高纯氩气、400、600、800 ℃的条件下,对褐煤热解30 min制得的"热"焦,分别浸入室温、干冰及液氮环境中得到冷态半焦,然后在15%水蒸气、900 ℃、10 min的条件下对冷态半焦进行非原位气化反应.为了比较,同样热解条件下制得的"热"半焦不经冷却,通过直接切换反应气氛为15%水蒸气进行原位气化(气化条件与非原位气化相同).利用TGA、SEM、BET和Raman光谱仪对半焦反应性和微观结构进行表征和分析.结果表明,"热"焦的水蒸气原位气化半焦产率低于冷态半焦的非原位气化.冷却处理对半焦的孔结构影响较大,随着冷却速率的增大,半焦比表面积及总孔容积显著降低,但对半焦的化学结构(芳环体系和含氧官能团)的影响非常小.冷却速率越大,半焦的反应性越低,冷态半焦反应性能降低主要由于冷却对半焦孔结构造成的不可逆转的破坏.     

核桃楸叶挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取核桃楸叶中的挥发油,从核桃楸叶挥发油中分离了57种化合物,用气相色谱/质谱联用法鉴定了51种化合物,占被分离化合物的89.46%,其中烃类(33种,48.03%)、酮类(1种,0.55%)、醇类(5种,25.94%)、酯类(6种,8.43%)、酸类(1种,0.62%)、含氧杂环类(4种,2.62%)及甲酰类(1种,0.65%)等7大类化合物,有3类(27种,51.19%)为已知药用成分,这些数据为新药开发提供了科学信息.     

依赖包围盒紧密率及多层建模结构的混合碰撞检测算法

针对复杂环境下物体包围盒选择与更新的低效性,直接导致了碰撞检测时间延长的问题,提出了一种依赖包围盒紧密率及多层建模结构的混合碰撞检测算法。算法首先通过计算比较包围盒紧密率将物体形状分为四类,分别采用Sphere包围盒、轴向平行包围盒、方向包围盒和椭球体包围盒,对两两包围盒进行相交测试,快速准确地剔除不相交的物体。同时,提出三角面片-刚体-模型的多层建模结构的优化方法来构造包围盒树(BVT),减少包围盒树更新时间。最后实验结果表明,相比采用单一包围盒和传统结构的混合包围盒检测算法,该算法能大幅度地缩短相交测试的时间,提高碰撞检测的效率。     

Research on the railway construction process quality model based on the state space method

In the ISO9000“input-output”process model,the concept of process quality is difficult to get the cor-rect interpretation. From the“white box”theory of process,this paper puts forward the scientific mea...     

水下承台施工中钢套箱漏水原因分析及对策

单壁有底钢套箱作为水下承台施工的临时性挡水措施,其钢套箱漏水问题时常发生,为工程施工留下了潜在的安全隐患.该文以两个水下桥梁承台施工为例,总结了单壁有底钢套箱漏水的原因,分析研究了漏水过程和应急堵漏措施,提出了预防单壁有底钢套箱漏水的措施,以供类似工程做参考.     

The Fate of [15N]Ammonium and [15N]Nitrate in the Soil of a 140-Year-Old Spruce Stand (Picea Abies) in the Fichtelgebirge (NE-Bavaria)

Abstract

A ¹⁵N tracer-experiment was carried out in a 140-year-old spruce stand (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Fichtelgebirge (NE-Bavaria, Germany). Highly enriched (98 at%) [¹⁵N]ammonium and [¹⁵N]nitrate were applied as tracers by simulation of a deposition of 41.3 mol N ha^?1 with 11 water m^?2. To examine seasonal variations of uptake by spruce and understorey vegetation, different plots were labelled in spring, summer and autumn 1994.

One aim of the present study was to perfect a method of preparation of soil extracts for isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) measurements. Ammonium and nitrate from soil extracts were prepared for IRMS measurements by steam distillation and subsequent freeze drying. Additionally, tracer distribution and transformations in the soil nitrogen pools were examined. Ammonium, nitrate and total nitrogen were examined in the organic layer and the upper 10 cm of the mineral soil during 3 months after the first tracer application in spring 1994.

In July 1994, three months after tracer application, 40% of the [¹⁵N]ammonium label and 29% of the [¹⁵N]nitrate label, respectively, were recovered in the total N pool of the investigated soil horizons. In the organic layer the L/Of horizon retained most of the recovered tracers. Nitrification, immobilisation and mineralisation occurred even under the conditions of high soil acidity at the study site.     

谷物干燥塔内气流组织模拟及结构优化

为探究干燥塔内部结构的合理性,以华北区域内普遍采用的150T/D型玉米干燥塔为研究对象;基于GAMIT软件搭建干燥塔模型,运用FLUENT软件对空载状态下的塔内干燥介质在不同方向所呈现出的流场轨迹进行模拟。模拟结果表明:干燥介质在一次风干燥段与二次风干燥段中的X、Y与Z三个方向上所呈现出的均匀性与贯穿性较差。通过对空载状态下实际运行的干燥塔的排汽速度进行测量,与模拟所得到的结果进行对比,印证模拟结果的准确性。针对该规格塔内干燥介质的贯穿性与均匀性相对较差的现象,改变干燥塔内部结构来探究其流场变化;通过模拟对比发现,改造后的塔内干燥介质的流场均匀性与贯穿性均得到一定程度的改善,为今后的制造提供了参考依据。