On the Logical Status of the Virtual Work Law

The law of virtual work (VWL) is probably the first law in the history of mechanics; it is previous to the one on the lever, though not completely distinct from it. Here I will discuss the logical status of VWL, that is whether it is an autonomous principle or a theorem of some sort of mechanics. The problem is complicated by the fact that up to now no universally recognised expression has been accepted for it. From this article the problematical nature of VWL demonstrability is quite clear when the mechanics does not characterise completely the constraints. Italian schools in the XVIII century, even if we do not take Lagrange into consideration, had an important role, both in the development of VWL and in the discussion of its role.     

Application de l'approximation polytropique à la turbulence statistique en moyenne de FavreApplication of the polytropic approximation to turbulence statistics using Favre averaging

The application of the polytropic approximation connecting the quantities of corresponding state, to experimental analysis, is clarified. A method of polytropic determination of the exponent χ (variable but non-fluctuating) in each point of the flow is given. This approximation makes it possible the generation of representative signals of fluctuating quantities, like pressure or density. For heated gases, the problem of measurement of the equations terms written with Favre averaging is thus almost solved. Then, measurement of χ allows the determination by the experiment of crucial terms like turbulent fluxes of mass and momentum, and presso correlation. To cite this article: C. Rey, S. Benjeddou, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Eléments finis stochastiques en élasticité linéaireA stochastic finite element method in linear mechanics

The stochastic finite element method presented in this Note consists in representing in a probabilistic form the response of a linear mechanical system whose material properties and loading are random. Each input random variable is expanded into a Hermite polynomial series in standard normal random variables. The response (e.g., the nodal displacement vector) is expanded onto the so-called polynomial chaos. The coefficients of the expansion are obtained by a Galerkin-type method in the space of probability. To cite this article: B. Sudret et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Asymptotics of eigenfrequencies of an elastic body with a heavy and hard peak-shaped inclusion

A heavy and hard peak-shaped inclusion in an elastic body provokes to concentration of eigenvalues in the low-frequency range of the spectrum and localization of the corresponding eigenmodes near the peak tip. To cite this article: S.A. Nazarov, C. R. Mecanique 335 (2007).     

拉伸应变率对20钢层裂特性的影响

采用轻气炮加载技术和激光速度干涉(VISAR)测速技术相结合,对不同拉伸应变率条件下20钢的层裂特性进行了实验研究。通过改变飞片和样品的几何尺寸来调整拉伸应变率的大小,研究了拉伸应变率对20钢层裂强度的影响。实验的拉伸应变率的变化范围为104~106 s-1,最大拉伸应变率接近激光加载所能产生的拉伸应变率,相比激光加载,薄飞片技术容易保证一维应变条件。实验结果显示20钢的层裂特性明显依赖着拉伸应变率的大小,106 s-1条件下层裂强度比104 s-1时提高近70%。基于对数值计算结果的分析,讨论了影响层裂强度的主要外载荷因素。     

计算钝感炸药爆轰过程的一种新反应率模型

根据钝感炸药爆轰过程中含有激化过程和慢反应,建立了一种新的反应率模型。与其他反应率模型相比,这种反应率模型可以应用于较粗的网格。在每厘米50个网格条件下,炸药驱动铝飞片和钽飞片的自由面计算结果与实验结果很接近。同时,应用此反应率模型计算了钝感炸药驱动LiF过程,在每厘米50个网格的条件下,炸药与LiF间速度的计算值同实验值接近,且误差随网格尺寸变小而变小。这些表明,此反应率模型能够在较粗的网格条件下,比较准确地描述钝感炸药驱动飞片过程,有利于在工程实际中应用。     

Unsteady model of drop Marangoni migration in microgravity

The experiments of drop Marangoni migration have been performed by the drop shift facility of short period of 4.5 s, and the drop accelerates gradually to an asymptotic velocity during the free fall. The unsteady and axisymmetric model is developed to study the drop migration for the case of moderate Reynolds numberRe=O(1), and the results are compared with the experimental ones in the present paper. Both numerical and experimental results show that the migration velocity for moderate Reynolds number is several times smaller than that given by the linear YGB theory. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (19789201) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (95-Yu-34)     

Nouvelle approche pour la discrétisation de flux diffusifs en volumes finis à forte obliquité

We propose a new approach for the discretization of diffusive flux on a non orthogonal mesh based on the Deferred correction introduced by Peric. This new method is applied successfully to the solution of a Poisson problem in quadrangular domains meshed with very distorted control volumes. The interest of this approach lies in the fact that the precision of the used schemes is conserved despite meshes distortion level. The comparative study of the value of the spectral radius of iteration matrix enables us to explain why our Deferred correction approach is better than that of Peric, which diverges on highly skewed meshes. To cite this article: Y.M. Ahipo, Ph. Traore, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

PATH INTEGRAL SOLUTION OF NONLINEAR DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURE UNDER WIND EXCITATION

IntroductionThe dynamic behavior of the nonlinear structure under wind excitation has beenobserved very complicated.Taking guyed masts as an example,only a few collapsingaccidents occurred under extreme atmospheric conditions[1],many took place under mild…     

自紧身管疲劳寿命的可靠性分析

基于概率断裂力学理论和Monte Carlo模拟方法，给出了自紧身管疲劳寿命的可靠性分析方法．自紧残余应力采用了符合身管材料具有强化和包辛格效应性能推导的公式计算，身管工作的应力强度因子通过权函数方法得到．实例分析结果表明，对数正态分布为身管疲劳寿命的最佳分布，同时给出了各种置信度和可靠度下的身管疲劳寿命．另外，还分析了初始裂纹尺寸和材料的断裂韧性对身管疲劳寿命的影响．该研究对保证身管的安全，避免灾难性事故的发生具有重要意义．