The authors report on series of side‐chain smectic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) cell scaffolds based on star block‐copolymers featuring 3‐arm, 4‐arm, and 6‐arm central nodes. A particular focus of these studies is placed on the mechanical properties of these LCEs and their impact on cell response. The introduction of diverse central nodes allows to alter and custom‐modify the mechanical properties of LCE scaffolds to values on the same order of magnitude of various tissues of interest. In addition, it is continued to vary the position of the LC pendant group. The central node and the position of cholesterol pendants in the backbone of ε‐CL blocks (alpha and gamma series) affect the mechanical properties as well as cell proliferation and particularly cell alignment. Cell directionality tests are presented demonstrating that several LCE scaffolds show cell attachment, proliferation, narrow orientational dispersion of cells, and highly anisotropic cell growth on the as‐synthesized LCE materials.
In this paper we prove the existence and regularity of a solution to a two-dimensional system of evolutionary hemivariational inequalities which describes the Boussinesq model with nonmonotone friction and heat flux. We use the time retardation and regularization technique, combined with a regularized Galerkin method, and recent results from the theory of hemivariational inequalities. 相似文献
Mathematical models capable of describing the interaction between traction devices and soils have been effective in predicting the performance of off-road vehicles. Such a model capable of predicting the performance of bias-ply tires in agricultural soils was first developed by Brixius [Brixius WW. Traction prediction equations for bias-ply tires. ASAE Paper No. 871622. St. Joseph, MI: ASAE; 1987]. When the soil and vehicle parameters are known, this model uses an iterative procedure to predict the tractive performance of a vehicle including pull, tractive efficiency, and motion resistance. Al-Hamad et al. [Al-Hamad SA, Grisso RD, Zoz FM, Von Bargen K. Tractor performance spreadsheet for radial tires. Comput Electron Agr 1994:10(1):45–62] modified the Brixius equations to predict the performance of radial tires. Zoz and Grisso [Zoz, FM, Grisso RD. Traction and tractor performance. ASAE Distinguished Lecture Series #27. St. Joseph, MI: ASAE; 2003] have demonstrated that the use of spreadsheet templates is more efficient than the original iterative procedure used to predict the performance of 2WD and 4WD/MFWD tractors. As tractors equipped with rubber-tracks are becoming popular, it is important that we have the capability to predict the performance for off-road vehicles equipped with rubber-tracks during agricultural operations. This paper discusses the development of an empirical model to accomplish this goal and its validity by comparing the predicted results with published experimental results. 相似文献
In this paper, the concept of covering domain is introduced to develop a general expression for the Fredholm Integral Equations
Method, by which elasticity problems of arbitrarily shaped bodies loaded by external forces can be solved. Some special expressions
are given for a body with non-zero remote stresses, or subjected to some concentrated forces on its boundary. The relationship
between the loading forces and solutions are also discussed. Some analytical solutions can be obtained for simple cases. When
numerical computations are needed for the solution, the method proves to have high precision and fast convergency. 相似文献
Professor T. C. Papanastasiou's contributions to rheology and computational fluid mechanics are numerous and have a lasting effect. In the short span of a professional career of about 10 years, and in such diverse places as the University of Minnesota, the University of Michigan, and the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, he developed and implemented new ideas in the fields of rheology and computational fluid mechanics. He dealt with such important topics as: i) modelling of viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity through appropriate constitutive equations; ii) numerical techniques based on the finite element method, streamline integration, inverse of the unknown, and Newton iteration for integral-differential equations; iii) numerical simulation of important polymer processes, such as fiber spinning, film blowing, film casting, extrusion and coextrusion of polymeric liquids; iv) stability analysis of multiple flows; v) three-dimensional computational techniques for generalized Newtonian flows; vi) numerical analysis of viscoplastic flows; vii) solidification problems; viii) outflow boundary conditions, etc.His many contributions include authoring two books in the area of fluid mechanics, one for undergraduate and the other for graduate use. He was a mentor and an advisor to a dozen people, his former students, who have, in their own right, successful careers, some as professors, others as research engineers in major industries. The ideas and foundations of his work are currently pursued and studied by many researchers world-wide, and in this manner it is the most appropriate tribute to him and a guarantee that his name will be remembered for years to come.Dedicated to the memory of Professor Tasos C. Papanastasiou 相似文献
We consider the dynamical stability of horizontal fluid layer, performing harmonic oscillations in vertical direction. The continued fractions approach allowed us to avoid the conventional restriction to the case of small viscosity and almost-resonant frequencies. Our numerical results cover a wide range of the parameters (viscosity, amplitude and frequency of the oscillation, and depth of the layer). To cite this article: V.I. Yudovich et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).相似文献