金属蒸气真空弧离子源CO离子注入对不锈钢摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用金属蒸气真空弧离子源对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行Co离子注入,考察了注入处理试样的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:Co注入处理样品的表面硬度比未注入样品的高1.0～1.5倍,且硬度随离子束流密度的增大而增大;Co注入处理试样的摩擦系数显著降低至约0.20,磨损体积损失降低25%～45%;当束流密度为22μA/cm2、注入剂量为5×1017/cm2时,注入处理样品的摩擦系数为0.19,耐磨寿命最长;在所选定的试验参数范围以内,当临界束流密度处于22μA/cm2时,保留剂量最大,改性表面硬度最高,耐磨性能最佳.     

Breakdown potential modelling of austenitic stainless steel

The breakdown potential is a crucial factor in the study of pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel. This work aims to demonstrate the advantage of different chemometric techniques to estimate the breakdown potential of austenitic stainless steel. In order to predict pitting corrosion behaviour of stainless steel, a total of 60 samples of this alloy were subjected to electrochemical tests varying chloride ion concentration, pH and temperature. The experimental values of the breakdown potential, in addition to the tested environmental factors, were used to construct the predictive models based on support vector machines and artificial neural networks. A multiple‐comparison study based on statistic tests was applied to determine the optimal configuration for each technique. According to the results, support vector machines became a suitable and reliable technique to be applied in the modelling of the breakdown potential of austenitic stainless steels. This technique outperformed the models based on artificial neural networks and provided a useful tool to compare the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel in different environmental conditions without recourse to polarization tests. Therefore, this model presented a relevant meaning in science and engineering applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of superplastic deformation on precipitation behavior of sigma phase in 3207 duplex stainless steel

Owing to excellent strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, duplex stainless steels(DSS) are widely used in constructional and petrochemical applications. Sigma phase, which has detrimental impact on the properties, is readily precipitated during hot working of DSS. However, precipitation behavior of sigma phase during superplastic deformation, which is the most significant processing method of DSS, is still unclear. In the current study,the effect of superplastic deformation on the precipitation behavior of sigma phase was investigated in 3207 duplex stainless steel. The result shows that superplastic deformation could prevent sigma phase precipitation generally by increasing mobility of grain boundaries and decreasing misorientation of the sigma phase boundaries, resulting in some sigma phase precipitated on the twin boundaries. Most of the sigma phase precipitated on ferrite-austenite interface with misorientation of 20–25°, while it precipitated in ferrite or austenite with the misorientation of 40°–45°. The orientation relationship between sigma phase and matrix matched well in austenite and on the ferrite/austenite interfaces, while it showed a small misfit in ferrite. The prevention effect of the superplastic deformation on the sigma phase precipitation was beneficial to quasi stable deformation stage,resulting in longer elongation.     

超纯奥氏体不锈钢00Cr25Ni22Mo2N非敏化态晶间腐蚀与磷(硅)的晶界偏聚

运用金相、电子显微镜观察及表面分析技术,研究了超纯奥氏体不锈钢00Cr25Ni22Mo2N制造的汽提管在尿素生产环境下的腐蚀形态和机理。结果表明:该钢种在生产条件下产生非敏化态晶间腐蚀。其特征是腐蚀介质不仅沿晶界向钢的内部渗入,而且同时向晶界的两侧扩展,因而在管断面上观察到的晶间腐蚀路径较宽,但深度较浅并呈现漏斗形貌。电子显微镜观察、二次离子质谱、俄歇能谱分析及计算表明,这种材料晶界不贫铬、无第二相沉淀,但有磷(硅)的高度偏聚。晶界区磷的含量(约25％)比晶内高约三个数量级。作者认为,磷的晶界偏聚造成的与晶内在腐蚀电解质溶液中的电位差,是这种超纯奥氏体不锈钢非敏化态晶间腐蚀的原因。     

大气悬浮颗粒中一些微量金属元素的测定方法

应用硝酸十氢氟酸＋Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２体系和高压密封罐技术消解大气悬浮颗粒物样品。并采用不锈钢缝管与火焰原子吸收相结合的分析方法，对样品中的Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ和Ｃｄ进行测定，提高灵敏度１．２～３．４倍。对Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｏ和Ｍｇ采用常规火焰原子吸收法进行测定。同时利用微量脉冲进样技术，使得样品消解后定容的体积由原来的５０ｍＬ减少到１０ｍＬ。从而在相同灵敏度条件下，使采样时间由１０ｈ缩短到２ｈ．该方法对各测定元素的相对标准偏差均小于７％，平均回收率为８５．９％～１０３．６％。     

奥氏体不锈钢化学着色工艺

为了提高奥氏体不锈钢着色速度在着色过程中加入定量的添加剂优化着色效果,通过化学法着色和热水封闭实验得出添加剂在着色液和封闭液中的最佳含量.分析不同配方的着色过程和封闭过程,比较着色后不锈钢的性能,得出最佳的着色液和封闭液配方,为在生产中应用提供了重要的依据.     

采用虚拟试验解决金属粉末注射成形制品的质量问题

针对在金属粉末注射成形中,反复试模法优化工艺参数成本高、时间长的不足,通过扩充MoldFlow MPI软件中的材料数据库,对316L不锈钢合金模芯零件进行虚拟实验研究.研究结果表明,由于熔体流动的"跑道效应",当采用单浇口注射成形时,模芯两侧熔体流动严重不平衡,端面4个波峰和波谷明显,中部芯柱出现欠注,零件中间芯轴处成形最困难.通过优化单浇口位置、数量和零件的结构设计,采用对称双浇口设计方案解决了实际生产中存在的断裂、欠注和不良流动等质量问题.     

LD-VOD法在冶炼低碳不锈钢中的应用

在介绍国内一些钢厂利用LD—VOD法生产低碳不锈钢工艺特点的基础上,对利用LD—VOD法生产0Cr19Ni9型、SUS304型和SUH409L型3种类型低碳不锈钢的冶炼操作要点进行了总结研究。     

钝化304不锈钢单晶在硫酸含氯介质中的孔蚀

采用交流阻抗技术,研究钝化304不锈钢单晶体在pH1.0,0.25mol/lNa_2SO_4含氯介质中的孔蚀行为。对孔蚀过程中的阻抗频谱特征进行了分析,提出孔蚀的发生和发展过程中都有复合物(MOHC1)形成。复合物进一步吸附更多的氯离子,导致溶解反应发生。并提出一个孔蚀的的反应机理模型,它与304不锈钢多晶体在硫酸含氯介质中的孔蚀机理没有本质的差别。     

添加剂对不锈钢着色过程的影响

探讨了添加剂在不锈钢着色过程中的作用和影响，在特定条件下可使不锈钢成品获得满意的结果。