Electrocatalytic properties of surface oxides on gold,platinum, and stainless steel electrodes in electrooxidation of malic acid

Electrocatalytic properties of oxides formed at gold, platinum, and stainless steel electrodes in the malic acid electrooxidation in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ are studied. Gas chromatographic analysis of the electrolyte after holding the potential at 1.0 V for 8 h shows that on platinum and gold electrodes 2 mmol of acetaldehyde are produced and on stainless steel, 45 mmol. The acetaldehyde yield is the highest on stainless steel.From Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2005, pp. 304–309.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Avramov Ivi, Popi, Antonovi.This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

载波钝化和钼酸盐后处理对不锈钢钝化膜性能的影响

一般认为交流电对金属的腐蚀过程具有加速作用,但我们发现,在直流电位基础上叠加适当波形、幅值和频率的交流电对不锈钢进行载波钝化,尔后再进行适当后处理可使钝化膜的稳定性提高,我们曾就不经后处理的载波钝化过程进行过探讨,本文着重探讨钼酸盐后处理对载波钝化膜表面状态和化学稳定性改善的作用机理。     

不锈钢酸洗污泥-黏土基陶粒的制备及性能研究

利用热力学软件FactSage中Equilib模块计算不锈钢酸洗污泥掺量的增加对制备陶粒结晶相的影响,得到合适的污泥烧制陶粒的掺量配比,即m(污泥)∶m(黏土)=20∶80;通过陶粒烧制试验,对该配比烧制的陶粒颗粒进行密度与抗压性能测试,得1100℃时烧制陶粒颗粒膨胀性较好,颗粒内部孔洞较为均匀,抗压强度平均为810N;陶粒对重金属Cr、Ni浸出结果显示,浸出液中Cr、Ni元素远小于国标中的限定量,表明陶粒对这两种元素的固化效果较好。     

316L不锈钢在Saline溶液中的微动磨蚀行为研究

采用球－平面接触微动磨损试验设备考察了轧制固溶３１６Ｌ不锈钢在Ｓａｌｉｎｅ溶液中的微动磨蚀行为。研究表明,３１６Ｌ不锈钢的微动过程存在显著的阶段性;微动初期为磨合期,第一稳定阶段摩擦副处于高摩擦应力状态,伴随着不锈钢表面缝隙腐蚀与弹塑性损伤的积累;第二过渡阶段和第二稳定阶段不锈钢表面呈微断裂剥层特征,腐蚀引起的微断裂不可忽视,不锈钢微动损伤表面形貌同微动损伤速率之间存在对应关系。     

-196 ℃奥氏体不锈钢母材与焊缝的动态断裂韧性

在-196 ℃对S30408奥氏体不锈钢的母材和焊缝进行了夏比摆锤冲击实验,采用改进的柔度变化率法得到了低温下不锈钢母材夏比试样的起裂点。结果表明,采用改进的柔度变化率法得到的结果比采用传统的柔度变化率法得到的结果更准确。根据实验得到的载荷-位移曲线,结合采用Schindler法和关键曲线法各自所得结果的优点,得到了不锈钢母材的动态裂纹扩展阻力曲线（动态J-R曲线）。依据不锈钢焊缝在低温动载下的载荷-位移曲线及其断裂特征,通过线弹性断裂力学计算获得其动态断裂韧性。     

On the cryogenic magnetic transition and martensitic transformation of the austenite phase of 7MoPLUS duplex stainless steel

The magnetic behaviour and martensitic transformation at cryogenic temperatures (down to 4 K) of the austenite phase of the duplex stainless steel (DSS), 7MoPLUS, were studied. As regards the prediction of Neel temperature, the empirical expressions for austenitic stainless steels are not applicable to the austenite phase of 7MoPLUS, although the composition of the austenite phase falls within the composition ranges within which the expressions were developed. Regarding the prediction of martensitic point Ms, the applicability of ‘old’ and recently developed expressions has been examined. The recently developed expressions, which take into account more alloying elements and their interactions, are not suitable for the austenite phase of 7MoPLUS. But for the ‘old’, simpler expressions, they seem to be valid in the sense that they all predict high stability of the austenite phase. Results obtained from 7MoPLUS were qualitatively the same as those obtained from another DSS, designated as 2205. Reasons for the applicability and inapplicability of these empirical expressions are suggested.     

熔模铸造双相不锈钢铸件缺陷分析及解决措施

针对铸件容易产生的充型不完整和产生气孔的缺陷,采用熔模铸造法试制双相不锈钢铸件.结果表明,通过控制金属液出炉温度和模壳温度并在铸件凝固时强化冷却,能防止上述缺陷的产生.应用试制工艺生产的铸件外观质量良好.     

金属蒸气真空弧离子源CO离子注入对不锈钢摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用金属蒸气真空弧离子源对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行Co离子注入,考察了注入处理试样的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:Co注入处理样品的表面硬度比未注入样品的高1.0～1.5倍,且硬度随离子束流密度的增大而增大;Co注入处理试样的摩擦系数显著降低至约0.20,磨损体积损失降低25%～45%;当束流密度为22μA/cm2、注入剂量为5×1017/cm2时,注入处理样品的摩擦系数为0.19,耐磨寿命最长;在所选定的试验参数范围以内,当临界束流密度处于22μA/cm2时,保留剂量最大,改性表面硬度最高,耐磨性能最佳.     

用甲醇－氢混合气源在不锈钢上生长金刚石薄膜的研究

利用甲醇－氢（ＣＨ３ＯＨ－Ｈ２）混合气体为气源，３０ｎｍ厚的无定形硅为过渡层，借助于微波等离子体化学气相沉积（ＭＷＣＶＤ）成功地将金刚石薄膜生长在不锈钢上，其最低生长温度可至４２０℃，并且甲醇－氢混合气体比传统的甲烷－氢（ＣＨ４－Ｈ２）更具优势，测试表明这种金刚石薄膜有希望作为耐磨层在工业上应用     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对不锈钢孔蚀的缓蚀作用

采用浸蚀法、测定孔蚀特征电位及ｉ－ｔ曲线、模拟闭塞电池试验及交流阻抗频谱技术等，研究了１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢在氯化物水溶液中的孔蚀行为，以及十二烷基苯磷酸钠和／或单乙醇胺对孔蚀引发与扩展过程的抑制作用．发现十二烷基苯磷酸钠及单乙醇胺对本腐蚀体系有一定的缓蚀作用，二者有明显的协同效应，这种效应主要表现在对孔蚀扩展阶段的影响．模拟闭塞电池实验表明，孔蚀的扩展阶段包含稳定扩展阶段及加速扩展阶段，添加剂使稳定扩展阶段的Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ图的低频部容抗派加大；在加速扩展阶段，低频部增加一个容抗弧．