考虑应变非强化区的Ohno本构模型验证分析

对含有塑性应变非强化区的Ohno循环塑性本构方程关于应力、内变量计算和一致切线刚度矩阵计算的过程进行了分析,在此基础上编写了ABAQUS材料用户子程序UMAT。然后用该程序对316L不锈钢材料的应变对称拉压变幅循环、应变非对称拉压变幅循环、应变对称剪切(扭转)变幅循环和轴向拉压棘轮循环等塑性变形过程进行了数值模拟,所得结果合理地反映了材料相应试验过程中的现象。     

316L不锈钢焊缝腐蚀行为的电化学研究

 316L不锈钢以其优良的耐腐蚀性能、加工性能和高抗氧化性能而被广泛应用于核电、石油、化工等领域.316L不锈钢的应用大多需要焊接成型,但焊接过程中化学成分,组织形态和相关性能的改变,使316L不锈钢的耐蚀性能降低,在焊缝接头处以及焊缝部位优先发生腐蚀,严重影响了不锈钢的使用寿命和安全性.本文采用交流阻抗法和阳极极化常规电化学方法,结合课题组自主研发的扫描微电极技术研究316L不锈钢焊缝区的腐蚀行为,探讨钨极氩弧焊和CO₂保护焊两种不同焊接方法对316L不锈钢抗腐蚀能力的影响以及氯离子浓度对焊接样品抗腐蚀能力的影响.结果表明,经过腐蚀电化学方法检测后,焊接样品的耐腐蚀性能较基材样品均发生明显降低,具体表现为氩弧焊焊接样品和CO₂保护焊焊接样品在阳极极化曲线的开裂电位E_b,腐蚀电位E_corr均较基材样品负,钝化区ΔE较基材样品变窄.交流阻抗谱测试得出氩弧焊焊接样品与CO₂保护焊焊接样品的电荷转移电阻R_ct均较基材样品小.同时,通过不同实验分析均表明,在NaCl溶液和FeCl₃溶液中,氩弧焊焊接样品的耐蚀性能较CO₂保护焊焊接样品好.实验结果还表明,随着氯离子浓度的升高,两种焊接样品的耐蚀性能均降低.     

硫化锰夹杂溶解和微生物存在对不锈钢管发生点蚀

结合发电厂凝汽器不锈钢管内壁腐蚀部位分布规律和腐蚀外貌特征,分别对腐蚀部位沉积物、内壁蚀孔附近管材成分进行扫描电子显微镜观察和能谱分析,探讨了管材中MnS溶解与微生物对凝汽器不锈钢管腐蚀的电化学反应机理,发现二者在点蚀形成过程中具有协同作用,并在综合分析影响不锈钢腐蚀的各种因素的基础上,提出了不锈钢凝汽器在运行过程中应采取的防护措施。     

Atom probe tomography analysis of radiation-induced solute clustering in austenite stainless steels

Various types of defects are produced by the irradiation of energetic particles onto a structural material. The large number of mobile vacancies and self-interstitial atoms during irradiation induce defect fluxes and the diffusion of solute atoms in the matrix. The preferential interaction between the solute atoms and radiation-induced defects leads to the enrichment/depletion or clustering of the solutes at defect sinks. In the current work, atom probe tomography (APT) was used for the analysis of radiation-induced solute clustering in ion-irradiated austenite stainless steel 316. Quantitative analysis of the localised clustering of chemical elements was implemented and a parameter selection procedure was proposed. The number density and size distribution of Si clusters in APT specimens irradiated at various temperatures were examined. At high temperature, the number density of the clusters decreased and their size increased. The localized Si atoms in variously shaped defects were clearly identified. The APT method was demonstrated to be suitable for identifying defect structures and for the quantitative analysis of clustering in irradiated specimens.     

Five-parameter crystallographic characteristics of the interfaces formed during ferrite to austenite transformation in a duplex stainless steel

The crystallography of interfaces in a duplex stainless steel having an equiaxed microstructure produced through the ferrite to austenite diffusive phase transformation has been studied. The five-parameter interface character distribution revealed a high anisotropy in habit planes for the austenite–ferrite and austenite–austenite interfaces for different lattice misorientations. The austenite and ferrite habit planes largely terminated on (1 1 1) and (1 1 0) planes, respectively, for the austenite–ferrite interfaces associated with Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) and Nishiyama–Wasserman (N–W) orientation relationships. This was mostly attributed to the crystallographic preference associated with the phase transformation. For the austenite–ferrite interfaces with orientation relationships which are neither K–S nor N–W, both austenite and ferrite habit planes had (1 1 1) orientations. Σ3 twin boundaries comprised the majority of austenite–austenite interfaces, mostly showing a pure twist character and terminating on (1 1 1) planes due to the minimum energy configuration. The second highest populated austenite–austenite boundary was Σ9, which tended to have grain boundary planes in the tilt zone due to the geometrical constraints. Furthermore, the intervariant crystallographic plane distribution associated with the K–S orientation relationship displayed a general tendency for the austenite habit planes to terminate with the (1 1 1) orientation, mainly due to the crystallographic preference associated with the phase transformation.     

不锈钢薄板激光点焊工艺对金相组织的影响分析

以厚度为0.5 mm的304不锈钢薄板作为研究对象,通过实验探讨了不同工艺下激光点焊的金相组织、力学性能.经过焊点金相微观组织的观察和焊点拉伸强度的试验,可得出结论:激光点焊焊接质量良好,很少出现气孔、飞溅、焊接裂纹、未熔透、未熔合等焊接缺陷,而且不同的激光功率密度或加热时间,对焊点的形貌、尺寸和金相组织有很大影响; 焊点处的耐腐蚀性强度比母材低,而且大部分焊点拉伸位移达到1.5 mm左右就会断裂,平均拉伸强度比母材低281.2 MPa,但平均屈服强度比母材高,满足不锈钢薄板作为换热器的需求.     

Residual stress in the cylindrical drawing cup of SUS304 stainless steel evaluated by split-ring test

The residual stresses in the wall of a SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup were evaluated by split-ring tests, and the influences of stamping die parameters on the residual stress were investigated. A new theoretical model of a split-ring test was developed to evaluate the residual stress in a ring, which was verified to be reasonable and reliable by numerical simulations with ABAQUS code and by nanoindentation tests. Seven groups of split-ring tests were completed, and the residual stresses were calculated according to the theoretical model. The split-ring test results showed that the circumferential residual stress in the wall of the SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup was very large and did not change with the different die corner radius.The circumferential residual stress first increased with the increase of drawing punch–die clearance, then was almost unchanged when the clearance increased greater than blank thickness 1 mm. Thus, a smaller clearance was suggested to be chosen to reduce the residual stress in the wall of the SUS304 stainless steel drawing cup.     

不锈钢冷连轧板带的表面粗糙度建模

针对不锈钢冷连轧生产工艺的特点,在引入转印率和遗传因子概念的基础上,通过深入的理论分析,推导出带钢表面粗糙度理论模型.首先通过SUS430不锈钢冷轧润滑实验进行表面粗糙度研究,定量分析压下率、来料厚度、带钢变形抗力和乳化液工艺参数等对转印率和遗传因子的影响,给出了轧辊粗糙度衰减函数方程,并对末机架入口带钢表面粗糙度进行近似求解,最终建立了不锈钢冷连轧成品板面粗糙度数学模型,并将其应用到冷连轧生产实践中.统计结果表明,粗糙度模型计算值与实测值的相对误差小于634%,该模型具有较高的精度和较好的泛化能力.     

Measurement of contact angle between stainless steel surface and carbon dioxide by pendant drop method

To measure contact angle between CO2 and solid surface, in this study a visual high-pressure vessel has been developed, with a corresponding well-controlled constant temperature system. Pendant drop method is applied to the investigation of the contact angles of CO2 on a stainless steel surface in its own vapor. The image of the pendant drop is recorded by a camera, and a B-Snake method is used to analyze the contour and the contact angle of the droplet. The experimental results have provided a set of well tested data, which show that C02 has good infiltration into stainless steel surface and the developed method can be used as a standard testing one for measuring the contact angle between high-pressure liquid and solid surface.     

奥氏体不锈钢化学着色法的工艺

不锈钢着色技术是一项具有发展潜力的新兴技术,通过使用化学镀INCO的方法,在奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的表面可获得不同的彩色镀层。研究了不同配方的着色液及封闭液对不锈钢表面着色,耐磨性和附着力的影响,结果表明,着色后的不锈钢不仅色彩鲜艳,而且还保持了原不锈钢的优良性能,同时使不锈钢获得彩色镀层,使不锈钢的着色过程缩短,色膜光亮度好,减少工艺过程,降低成本。