Zur Entdeckungsgeschichte des Radons

The radioactivity of the noble gas radon and its short-life daughter products as the essential part of natural radioactivity have gained in topically in the last years. For this reason the history of discovery of radon has been summed up. This history is one part of the early research about radioactivity. From the appearance of induced radioactivity the way leads to the discovery of thorium emanation by Rutherford and of radium emanation by Dorn. Finally, the article deals with the detection of radon in the air by Elster and Qeitel and of the radon in well water and springivaler by Thomson because only these results have opened the way for the therapeutical usage of radon.     

Semi-active hydropneumatic spring and damper system

This paper is concerned with the development of a semi-active hydropneumatic spring and damper system, comprising of a two state hydropneumatic spring and a two state hydraulic damper. The system was specifically developed to improve the ride comfort and handling of large off-road vehicles. The suspension requirements for good ride comfort and handling for heavy off-road vehicles are discussed with special reference to the advantages of semi-active hydropneumatic springs and semi-active dampers. The layout and functioning of an experimental spring and damper unit used for laboratory tests are discussed. Spring and damper characteristics, as well as valve response times for both the semi-active spring and semi-active damper were determined. A single degree of freedom test rig with a sprung mass of 3 tons was used to perform first order ride comfort tests. Tests include step response and random input response. The test rig was also used to evaluate semi-active control strategies for both spring and damper as well as a control strategy for implementing ride height adjustment without using an external hydraulic pump.     

弹塑性弯曲理论与冷绕螺旋弹簧的回弹

该文从弹塑性弯曲理论出发,讨论了冷绕螺旋弹簧时簧丝横截面内的应力与应变、弯矩与簧圈曲率的关系。由于绕制螺旋弹簧时,塑性弯曲很大,该文采用以渐近线代替M～(1/ρ)曲线的方法找出回弹后的残余变形值。又由于弹簧圈弯曲后中性层已发生偏移,根据中性层在回弹后仍为中性层的设想,从而获得了一些计算芯轴直径的合理的理论公式。     

Molecular Spring-like Triple-Helix Coordination Polymers as Dual-Stress and Thermally Responsive Crystalline Metal–Organic Materials

Elastic metal–organic materials (MOMs) capable of multiple stimuli-responsiveness based on dual-stress and thermally responsive triple-helix coordination polymers are presented. The strong metal-coordination linkage and the flexibility of organic linkers in these MOMs, rather than the 4 Å stacking interactions observed in organic crystals, causes the helical chain to act like a molecular spring and thus accounts for their macroscopic elasticity. The thermosalient effect of elastic MOMs is reported for the first time. Crystal structure analyses at different temperatures reveal that this thermoresponsiveness is achieved by adaptive regulation of the triple-helix chains by fine-tuning the opening angle of flexible V-shaped organic linkers and rotation of its lateral conjugated groups to resist possible expansion, thus demonstrating the vital role of adaptive reorganization of triple-helix metal–organic chains as a molecular spring-like motif in crystal jumping.     

Molecular Spring‐like Triple‐Helix Coordination Polymers as Dual‐Stress and Thermally Responsive Crystalline Metal–Organic Materials

Elastic metal–organic materials (MOMs) capable of multiple stimuli‐responsiveness based on dual‐stress and thermally responsive triple‐helix coordination polymers are presented. The strong metal‐coordination linkage and the flexibility of organic linkers in these MOMs, rather than the 4 Å stacking interactions observed in organic crystals, causes the helical chain to act like a molecular spring and thus accounts for their macroscopic elasticity. The thermosalient effect of elastic MOMs is reported for the first time. Crystal structure analyses at different temperatures reveal that this thermoresponsiveness is achieved by adaptive regulation of the triple‐helix chains by fine‐tuning the opening angle of flexible V‐shaped organic linkers and rotation of its lateral conjugated groups to resist possible expansion, thus demonstrating the vital role of adaptive reorganization of triple‐helix metal–organic chains as a molecular spring‐like motif in crystal jumping.