Enhancement of Cooling Rate for a Hot Steel Plate using Air-Atomized Spray with Surfactant-Added Water

The objective of the current research deals with the experimental study of an air-atomized spray with surfactant-added water, cooling a 12-mm-thick AISI-1020 stationary steel plate at three different initial surface temperatures (400°C, 600°C, and 900°C). Furthermore, the effects of surfactant concentration and airflow rate on the cooling rate have been investigated. The surface heat flux and surface temperature show a significant improvement in cooling for all three cases of initial surface temperatures when the air-atomized spray was used with surfactant-added water.     

Parametric study on a compound-drop spray flame

The introduction of compound-drop spray in a combustion system is a new concept. These droplets bear two gasification stages to cause an integral positive or negative effect on a premixed flame to raise or lower the local temperature of the gasification region. In this paper, we adopt a compound drop which contains a water core encased by a layer of shell fuel. A one-dimensional homogeneous lean or rich premixed flame with the dilute compound-drop spray was investigated by using large activation energy asymptotic analysis. The compound-drop spray burning mode was defined and divided into completely pre-vaporised burning (CPB), shell pre-vaporised burning (SPB) and shell partially pre-vaporised (SPP) burning modes by way of the gasification zones of the shell fuel and the core water relative to the flame position. The influences of the initial droplet radius, the shell-fuel mass fraction and the liquid loading of the compound-drop spray on the lean and rich flames were analysed. By means of the normalisation parameter of flame propagation mass flux (), enhancement, suppression or extinction of the compound-drop spray flame can be represented clearly. Furthermore, from the observation of extinction, the necessary conditions of extinction of a lean spray flame by the internal heat transfer are that the spray is a negative effect and causes a sufficient heat loss rate at flame sheet downstream side. For a rich spray flame, three extinction patterns were observed; they occur in SPP, SPB or at the critical SPB mode, but do not in CPB. The extinction maps of the compound-drop spray demarcate the patterns and also indicate the limitations and corresponding conditions of the flame extinction.     

喷射方向对喷雾冷却换热的影响

以池内膜态沸腾为基础,将喷雾颗粒的冲击作为一种扰动,建立了喷雾冷却模型·模型中考虑了水流密度、喷雾水滴的大小、冲击力的影响·分析认为喷射方向上水膜厚度的差异是喷射方向影响铸坯表面传热系数的主要因素·将水膜厚度因素引入该模型中,进而计算分析出喷射方向对传热系数的影响状况·计算结果认为,在低水流密度下,90°处喷雾传热系数最大,其他喷射角度的传热系数大致以90°处对称·在高水流密度下,随喷射角度增加而显著增加·该理论分析结果与已有研究结果基本相同·     

Growth of nitrogen-doped p-type ZnO films by spray pyrolysis and their electrical and optical properties

Nitrogen-doped ZnO films were deposited on silicon (1 0 0) substrate using zinc acetate and ammonium acetate aqueous solution as precursors by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Successful p-type doping can be realized at optimized substrate temperature. The p-type ZnO films show excellent electrical properties such as hole concentration of 10¹⁸ cm⁻³, hole mobility of 10² cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and resistivity of 10⁻² Ω cm. In the photoluminescence measurement, a strong near-band-edge emission was observed, while the deep-level emission was almost undetectable in both undoped and N-doped ZnO films. The growth and doping mechanism of N-doped ZnO films were discussed.     

Quantitation of anthocyanins in elderberry fruit extracts and nutraceutical formulations with paper spray ionization mass spectrometry

The ability to rapidly identify and quantitate, over a wide range of concentrations, anthocyanins in food and therapeutic products is important to ensuring their presence at medicinally significant levels. Sensitive, yet mild, analysis conditions are required given their susceptibility to degradation and transformation. Paper spray ionization has been used to detect and quantify the levels of anthocyanin levels in extracts of fresh and dried elderberries, and elderberry stems, as well as 3 commercially available nutraceutical formulations. The component cyanidin glucosides, including cyanidin‐3‐sambubioside, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3,5‐diglucoside, cyanidin‐3‐sambubioside‐5‐glucoside, and the aglycone cyanidin, were readily detected in a range of sources. Quantitation was achieved by establishing a calibration plot from dilutions of a stock solution of cyanidin‐3,5‐diglucoside containing malvidin‐3,5‐diglucoside as an internal standard at a fixed concentration. The same standard was used to quantify the anthocyanin content in the fruit and nutraceutical formulations. Wide 5‐fold variations in anthocyanin concentration were detected in the nutraceutical formulations from different suppliers ranging from 1050 to 5430 mg/100 g. These concentrations compared with 500 to 2370 mg/100 g measured in the dried stems and fruit, respectively.     

汽缸在线激光淬火涂料喷涂机的设计与实现

研究了一种制备激光淬火吸光涂层的新方法,重点叙述了喷头和送料系统的设计原理,利用离心原理设计的喷头和涂料同步送给系统实现了水基混合物吸光涂料的自动涂敷,解决了涂料堵塞和沉淀的问题．该机成功应用于在线生产,吸光涂层均匀一致,厚度可控,满足激光淬火的要求,实现了吸光涂层制备机床化．     

喷射沉积 6061/SiC_p 复合材料的组织与拉伸性能

采用多层喷射共沉积法制备了６０６１铝合金／１０％ＳｉＣ颗粒增强复合材料,对其显微组织和拉伸性能进行了研究．结果表明,沉积坯组织为细小、均匀的等轴晶,增强相颗粒分布均匀,基体与增强相颗粒间没有发生界面反应．增强相颗粒加速了沉淀相析出并明显缩短峰时效时间,沉积坯热挤压后经５ｈ时效即可达到峰时效状态,此时力学性能为：σｂ４３９ＭＰａ,σ０．２４０９ＭＰａ,δ１０．４％,Ｅ１２０ＧＰａ．     

脱硫吸收塔内部喷淋管道系统改造方案

通过对脱硫吸收塔内部结构进行改进(喷淋支管加装防堵喷口、抬高安装坡度,在喷淋支管下部加装支撑梁),提高了喷淋层的稳定性,减少了喷淋管积浆、堵塞的几率,提高了喷淋效率,降低了脱硫电耗。     

喷油策略对直喷汽油机快速起动的影响

运用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)手段,对一款缸内直喷汽油机快速起动工况中的二次喷油策略进行分析研究.结果表明:过早的初次喷油会在活塞表面形成大量的油膜,导致燃油蒸发量过少,使得缸内混合气过稀,无法满足点火要求;第一次喷油越迟,滞留在排气门坑处的浓混合气越多,导致未燃碳氢排放增加,常温初次喷油时刻应设定在270°CA(曲轴转角)~240°CA BTDC(上止点前)范围内;相较于第一次喷油,在压缩过程中的第二次喷油对壁面油膜的影响较小,早于90°CA BTDC的喷油会导致液滴与缸套发生较多的碰撞;根据仿真结果,常温冷机起动的第二次喷油时刻应当设定在90°CA BTDC之后.