红外热像技术探测硫化矿石自燃火源的影响因素及其解决方法

红外热像技术已成为火源探测的一种新方法,但其应用于井下自燃火源探测的实际操作中还存在许多不足。为了准确、快速地获取自燃矿石表面的温度场,初步探讨了发射率、感温距离、背景噪声、井下环境及热像仪稳定性等因素对探测结果的影响。通过试验,确定了硫化矿石表面的热发射率和使用IRI-1011热像仪探测系统测温时的合理距离。试验结果表明。硫化矿石表面的热发射率E=0．88;常温下10m探测范围内,随着探测距离的增大,感温误差明显增大;热源温度一定时,3m、4m距离的感温误差几乎呈线性增大;热源温度T〉50℃时,2m距离的感温误差趋于稳定。在试验基础上,采用数据拟合的方法,建立了热像仪感温与矿石表面实际温度间的定量关系。现场应用证明该研究结果实际可行。     

不规则介质采场渗流理论及防止采空区自然发火

为了防止采空区自然发火,必须了解其发生机理。依据不规则介质采场渗流理论,通过数值模拟和相似材料模拟实验,反映出真实采空区中气体的运移规律,得出采场通风时,工作面两端的压差是造成采空区漏风及遗煤自燃的主要原因。通过对上隅角瓦斯进行合理的抽放,将瓦斯浓度控制在合理的范围内,便可避免为稀释上隅角瓦斯而加大工作面风量所造成的采空区自然发火。     

中国煤炭清洁利用技术发展概况

通过对中国煤炭清洁利用技术即煤炭加工、煤炭高效燃烧、煤炭转化技术的逐一介绍,并对其在中国的发展现状进行了描述,进步论述了煤炭清洁利用对中国社会经济发展的意义。     

Ce掺杂ZnO纳米晶的光催化性能研究

以Zn( NO3)3·6H2O、Ce( NO3)3·6H2O为原料,明胶为模板分散剂,采用凝胶模板燃烧法制备纯ZnO和Ce/ZnO纳米晶,利用XRD、TEM、BET、UV-Vis漫反射进行表征.以染料罗丹明B为目标降解物考察了样品的光催化活性.结果表明:产物粒子形状基本为球形,结晶良好,属六方晶系结构.相比纯ZnO,Ce/ZnO对光具有更高的吸收利用率,在紫外和可见光下对罗丹明B的降解能力均有明显提高;随Ce掺杂量的增加,样品的粒径减小,比表面积增大,罗丹明B的降解率相应增大,在紫外和可见光下降解率分别可达98.6;、78.3;,其原因在于Ce掺杂有利于在ZnO纳米粒子中心和表面之间产生电势差,实现光生电子-空穴对的有效分离.     

吸气式脉冲爆震发动机钝体气动阀的设计与实验研究

在吸气式液体燃料脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)协调工作基础上, 为了保证进气效率、减小阻力、提高爆震性能、增加推力, 设计了一种钝体气动阀。该钝体气动阀的进气道和钝体推力壁直径与爆震管直径相同, 推力壁设置圆柱形凹槽, 在钝体外侧设置环形通道, 钝体与环形通道出口保持合理间隙。实验证明: 不同爆震管直径的钝体气动阀PDE能够协调工作, 其爆震燃烧性能优于旋流气动阀, 在气动阀前方供油的爆震燃烧性能优于后方供油。     

Self-assembly of twisted,multi-sheet aggregates

ABSTRACT

Hierarchical self-assembly underpins much of the diversity of form and function seen in soft systems, yet the pathways by which they achieve their final form are not always straightforward – intermediate steps, kinetic effects and finite sizes of aggregates all influence the self-assembly pathways of these systems. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics simulations of binary mixtures of spheres and ellipsoidal discs to investigate the self-assembly of anisotropic aggregates with internal structures. Through this, the full aggregation pathways of spontaneously chiral, multi-bilayer and multi-layer assemblies have been tracked and characterised via a semi-qualitative analysis. This includes the unambiguous identification of first-, second- and third-generation hierarchical assemblies within a single simulation. Given the significant challenge of tracking full aggregation pathways in experimental systems, our findings strongly support the notion that molecular simulation has much to contribute to improving our understanding of hierarchical self-assembling systems.     

A conservative,thermodynamically consistent numerical approach for low Mach number combustion. Part I: Single-level integration

We present a numerical approach for low Mach number combustion that conserves both mass and energy while remaining on the equation of state to a desired tolerance. We present both unconfined and confined cases, where in the latter the ambient pressure changes over time. Our overall scheme is a projection method for the velocity coupled to a multi-implicit spectral deferred corrections (SDC) approach to integrate the mass and energy equations. The iterative nature of SDC methods allows us to incorporate a series of pressure discrepancy corrections naturally that lead to additional mass and energy influx/outflux in each finite volume cell in order to satisfy the equation of state. The method is second order, and satisfies the equation of state to a desired tolerance with increasing iterations. Motivated by experimental results, we test our algorithm on hydrogen flames with detailed kinetics. We examine the morphology of thermodiffusively unstable cylindrical premixed flames in high-pressure environments for confined and unconfined cases. We also demonstrate that our algorithm maintains the equation of state for premixed methane flames and non-premixed dimethyl ether jet flames.     

Modelling alkali metal emissions in large-eddy simulation of a preheated pulverised-coal turbulent jet flame using tabulated chemistry

The numerical modelling of alkali metal reacting dynamics in turbulent pulverised-coal combustion is discussed using tabulated sodium chemistry in large eddy simulation (LES). A lookup table is constructed from a detailed sodium chemistry mechanism including five sodium species, i.e. Na, NaO, NaO₂, NaOH and Na₂O₂H₂, and 24 elementary reactions. This sodium chemistry table contains four coordinates, i.e. the equivalence ratio, the mass fraction of the sodium element, the gas-phase temperature, and a progress variable. The table is first validated against the detailed sodium chemistry mechanism by zero-dimensional simulations. Then, LES of a turbulent pulverised-coal jet flame is performed and major coal-flame parameters compared against experiments. The chemical percolation devolatilisation (CPD) model and the partially stirred reactor (PaSR) model are employed to predict coal pyrolysis and gas-phase combustion, respectively. The response of the five sodium species in the pulverised-coal jet flame is subsequently examined. Finally, a systematic global sensitivity analysis of the sodium lookup table is performed and the accuracy of the proposed tabulated sodium chemistry approach has been calibrated.     

典型脑疾病——自发性脑出血研究进展与新理念

 自发性脑出血是致死率、致残率最高的脑血管疾病,提高自发性脑出血的防治效果是目前临床上最迫切需要解决的问题之一。本文简述了自发性脑出血的定义及自然史,综述自发性脑出血的病理损伤机制及目前治疗现状。提出豆纹动脉神经复合体的概念,以便系统整体地研究脑出血发生发展的机制,解决脑出血发生发展的关键科学问题,建立出血性脑卒中预防、诊断和治疗体系,最终提高出血性脑卒中的整体防治水平,降低致死致残率。     

单、双环腔燃烧室燃烧性能的对比

保持单环腔主燃烧室的扩压器,外机匣最大直径尺寸以及喷口不变的前提下,将其火焰筒结构重新设计为并联式双环腔结构,设计了6种不同旋流器组合的双环腔结构燃烧室.采用相同的物理模型(包括湍流模型、辐射模型、喷雾模型及污染排放模型等),对单、双环腔主燃烧室分别进行全流程的三维计算.给出了燃烧室的总压恢复系数、燃烧效率、燃烧室出口温度分布系数、污染排放指标等燃烧室性能参数.对比分析了单、双环腔燃烧室的计算结果.结果表明,双环腔燃烧室置换单环腔燃烧室是可行的,该研究可为大飞机低污染大法动机的设计提供技术支持.