基于旋转天线的二维高分辨成像算法

受涡旋电磁波产生方法和自旋目标成像方法的启发,提出了基于旋转天线的二维高分辨成像方法。首先构造了基于旋转天线的雷达观测模型;利用距离向傅里叶变换获取目标的距离仿真,推导出了包含目标方位角信息的多普勒效应的正弦表达式;最后将正交匹配追踪算法应用到该正弦信号中,重构出目标的方位角,有效提升了雷达波束范围内的方位角分辨能力。仿真实验证明,该算法对雷达性能要求较低,克服了成像质量对纯净的高模态涡旋电磁波的依赖,实现了对静止目标的二维高分辨成像。     

New proton conducting materials for technical applications: what can we learn from solid state NMR studies?

Many novel proton conducting materials are based on complex hydrogen bonding networks of amphoteric hydrogen bonded moieties. Solid state NMR provides unique methods to study the properties of such network and specific proton conduction mechanisms in detail. In particular 1H solid state NMR techniques under fast magic angle spinning are powerful tools in this area. Site specific studies of the dynamic behavior via variable temperature 1H MAS measurements provide insight in the thermodynamics of the hydrogen bonding as well as activation energies for the proton transfer between the amphoteric sites. On macroscopic length scales, pulsed field gradient NMR experiments are able to determine the proton mobility and the contribution of different conduction mechanisms. In this article, aspects of recent solid state NMR studies in the field are reviewed and typical experimental methods as well as their possible outcome are discussed.     

De Novo 3D Structure Determination from Sub‐milligram Protein Samples by Solid‐State 100 kHz MAS NMR Spectroscopy

Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy is an emerging tool for structural studies of crystalline, membrane‐associated, sedimented, and fibrillar proteins. A major limitation for many studies is still the large amount of sample needed for the experiments, typically several isotopically labeled samples of 10–20 mg each. Here we show that a new NMR probe, pushing magic‐angle sample rotation to frequencies around 100 kHz, makes it possible to narrow the proton resonance lines sufficiently to provide the necessary sensitivity and spectral resolution for efficient and sensitive proton detection. Using restraints from such spectra, a well‐defined de novo structure of the model protein ubiquitin was obtained from two samples of roughly 500 μg protein each. This proof of principle opens new avenues for structural studies of proteins available in microgram, or tens of nanomoles, quantities that are, for example, typically achieved for eukaryotic membrane proteins by in‐cell or cell‐free expression.     

Comparability of composition of carbon functional groups in humic acids between inverse-gated decoupling and cross polarization/magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance techniques

To find a certain relation between the composition of carbon functional groups of humic acids derived from liquid state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra acquired with inverse-gated decoupling (IGD), known as a quantitative pulse sequence, and that by solid-state ¹³C NMR with cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CPMAS) techniques, fifteen soil humic acid samples with a wide range of aromaticity were analyzed. Relationships between the proportions of humic acid carbon as alkyl, O-alkyl, and aromatic carbon assessed by the two methods could be regressed to y = ax (r = 0.932-0.956; P < 0.005), respectively. The contents of alkyl, O-alkyl, and aromatic carbon assessed by CPMAS method were larger than those found by IGD method. However, the differences between the two methods were small and exclusive regression to y = x was also significant (r = 0.775-0.941; P < 0.005). Aromaticity calculated from ¹³C CPMAS NMR data also did not differ significantly from those computed from ¹³C NMR spectra with IGD. These observations indicated the comparability of the relative content of carbon functional groups in humic acids except for carboxyl and carbonyl carbon.     

Tracking control of chaotic spinning disks via nonlinear dynamic output feedback with input constraints

In many control engineering applications, it is impossible or expensive to measure all the states of the dynamical system and only the system output is available for controller design. In this study, a new dynamic output feedback control algorithm is proposed to stabilize the unstable periodic orbit of chaotic spinning disks with incomplete state information. The proposed control structure is based on the T‐S fuzzy systems. This investigation also introduces a new design procedure to satisfy a constraint on the T‐S fuzzy dynamic output feedback control signal. This procedure is independent of the exact value of initial states. Finally, computer simulations are accomplished to illustrate the performance of the proposed control algorithm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 148–159, 2016     

The sol–gel transition of mullite spinning solution in relation to the formation of ceramic fibers

Continuous mullite ceramic fibers were fabricated by a sol–gel dry spinning technique. The sol was prepared from an aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate (AN), aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The sol–gel transition was investigated by measuring the volume, the solid content, the viscosity and the rheological properties of the solution. Shear viscosity η of the mullite sol varied dynamically with concentrating time and temperature. Combine size analysis of sol particles and TEM analysis on this basis, the growth character of sol particles agglomeration and its structural evolution were discussed. By adjusting the temperature, the gelling degree could stabilize at a certain value and the sol–gel transition could be transferred to the spinning line. Continuous fibers were spun from such sols immediately before gelling in a laboratory dry spinning apparatus. The spinneret contained thirty circular holes, each having a diameter of 0.2 mm. The temperature inside the spinning channel was 100–120 °C, the winding speed was 100–300 m/min. Sintering of the precursor fibers at 1,100 °C yields crack-free mullite ceramic fibers.     

熔融纺掺炭高吸附性尼龙6纤维的制备与性能研究

将活性炭粉末与尼龙6颗粒在球磨机中预混合后进行熔融纺丝,活性炭含量为1％,3％,5％,10％,研究结果表明。活性炭含量为1％、3％的共混颗粒比较容易纺丝,纤维表面比较光滑;活性炭含量为5％的纤维表面比较粗糙：活性炭含量为10％的共混颗粒不易纺丝,纤维表面很粗糙,同时随着活性炭含量增加,纤维吸附性能逐渐增强,活性炭含量为10％时最大,其苯吸附量为10.55％。     

表面张力测定方法的现状与进展

表面张力是影响各种化学反应和生物反应的关键因素之一,也是液体重要的物理性质。介绍了常见的几种测定表面张力的方法,包括毛细管上升法、最大气泡压力法、吊环法/吊片法、滴重法/滴体积法、振荡射流法、旋滴法和悬滴法,着重介绍了悬滴法用轴称滴形分析测定表面张力的进展。