Inner structure and properties of diamond-shaped and spherical α-Fe2O3 particles

Uniform diamond-shaped and spherical -Fe₂O₃ particles, prepared by a forced hydrolysis of FeCl₃–HCl solutions, were characterized by various means. Electron microscope and x-ray diffraction measurements indicated that these particles are formed by recrystallization of -FeOOH to -Fe₂O₃ accompanying the dissolution of -FeOOH. Ultramicropores were formed in spherical particles with outgassing in vacuo above 150 °C by dehydration of inner OH groups, proving that the particles are polycrystalline. On the other hand, the highly crystallized diamond-shaped particles showed a less microporosity and were thermally stable against outgassing up to 400 °C. These results are compatible with those obtained for the monodispersed cubic and spherical -Fe₂O₃ particles reported in our previous paper [J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 87: 2241 (1991)].     

Improved flotation performance of hematite fines using citric acid as a dispersant

In this study, citric acid was used as a dispersant to improve the flotation performance of hematite fines. The effect and mechanism of citric acid on the reverse flotation of hematite fines were investigated by flotation tests, sedimentation experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta-potential measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of SEM analysis and flotation tests reveal that a strong heterocoagulation in the form of slime coating or coagulation in hematite fine slurry affects the beneficiation of hematite ores by froth flotation. The addition of a small amount of citric acid (less than 300 g/t) favorably affects the reverse flotation of hematite fines by improving particle dispersion. The results of sedimentation experiments, zeta-potential measurements, and XPS measurements demonstrate that citric acid adsorbs onto hematite and quartz surfaces via hydrogen bonding, thereby reducing the zeta potentials of mineral surfaces, strengthening the electrical double-layer repulsion between mineral particles, and dispersing the pulp particles.     

Controlled Aqueous Growth of Hematite Nanoplate Arrays Directly on Transparent Conductive Substrates and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties

Two‐dimensional (2D) hematite nanoplate arrays were synthesized directly on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)‐coated glass by using a facile and novel hydrothermal method. High‐temperature annealing retained the morphology of the nanoplate arrays while simultaneously introducing porosity. The thickness and length of the nanoplates could be tailored by adjusting the precursor composition. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements showed that the photocurrent generated with bare hematite nanoplate photoelectrode under backside illumination was about four times of that under frontside illumination in the entire bias range used, which suggested that slow electron transport was a limiting factor for its PEC performance. Upon Sn doping and Co‐Pi co‐catalyst addition, the photocurrent increased significantly owing to the enhancement of electron conductivity and oxidation kinetics. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted to understand the surface properties of the nanoplate arrays. Since this strategy is simple, cost‐effective, and highly reproducible, it provides exciting opportunities for the large‐scale growth of porous 2D metal oxide photoelectrodes for a variety of photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications.     

Acid Treatment Enables Suppression of Electron–Hole Recombination in Hematite for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

We report a strategy for efficient suppression of electron–hole recombination in hematite photoanodes. Acid‐treated hematite showed a substantially enhanced photocurrent density compared to untreated samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that the enhanced photocurrent is partly due to improved efficiency of charge separation. Transient absorption spectroscopic studies coupled to electrochemical measurements indicate that, in addition to improved bulk electrochemical properties, acid‐treated hematite has significantly decreased surface electron–hole recombination losses owing to a greater yield of the trapped photoelectrons being extracted to the external circuit.     

柠檬酸对微细粒绿泥石夹带行为的影响

通过浮选试验、Zeta电位测试、红外光谱分析、EDLVO理论计算及扫描电镜(SEM)分析研究了赤铁矿反浮选体系下柠檬酸对细粒绿泥石夹带行为的影响.浮选试验表明:添加柠檬酸促进了细粒绿泥石的夹带行为,有利于脱除铁精矿中的绿泥石.动电位测试和红外光谱分析表明:柠檬酸吸附在绿泥石和赤铁矿表面使其表面负电性增加进而增强其颗粒间的静电排斥力.EDLVO计算结果表明:赤铁矿和绿泥石之间存在吸引力,添加柠檬酸后,其作用力转化为排斥力,该计算同扫描电镜结果一致.     

铁氧化物掺杂对沉积物吸持Cu与Zn能力的影响

通过分析铁氧化物、 铁氧化物掺杂前后沉积物吸附/解吸特性的变化规律, 研究针铁矿、 赤铁矿、 水铁矿及贫赤铁矿对重金属污染沉积物中Cu或Zn的固定化可行性. 结果表明, 铁氧化物掺杂后沉积物吸持Cu的能力明显下降, 但吸持Zn的能力显著增加, 尤其是针铁矿和赤铁矿的作用效果稳定. 因此, 4种铁氧化物中针铁矿和赤铁矿具有稳定固定污染沉积物中Zn的潜力, 但不能提高污染沉积物吸附Cu的能力.     

Degradation of Sucrose and Nitrate Over Titania Coated Nano-hematite Photocatalysts

Photodegradation of sucrose and/or nitrate in aqueous solutions was studied over the titania coated nano-hematite photocatalysts under near-UV irradiation. The efficiency of the photocatalytic oxidation and reduction of these coated particles was compared to the prepared single phase TiO₂. It was found that in different environments (O₂ or N₂) the particles showed differences in the photocatalytic efficiency due to the different reaction mechanisms. Effect of nitrate on sucrose degradation was investigated. In aerobic conditions, sucrose was degraded effectively while nitrate reduction was insignificant due to the fast reoxidation of nitrite by O₂ in the dark and by OH^. in homogeneous reaction. Since nitrite competes with sucrose for hydroxyl radicals, it has an adverse effect when the aerobic system contains both substrates. Since reoxidation was suppressed in N₂ conditions, greater reduction of nitrate was observed. The result showed clearly that in the absence of O₂, CO₂ production from sucrose mineralisation was limited by the amount of oxygen produced from the nitrate decomposition. Partial photodissolution of Fe ions for the coated samples was also observed in both environments.     

助磨剂对鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿磨矿的影响

鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿在微细粒磨矿时黏度非常高,严重影响磨矿效率,导致磨矿能耗大幅上升。用助磨剂六偏磷酸钠和三聚磷酸钠对鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿进行降黏度磨矿试验。结果表明,添加两种助磨剂均可降低矿浆的黏度,助磨剂添加量为0.2%时降黏和助磨效果最佳;助磨剂使球磨机的生产能力得到显著提高,其相对增量最高可达144%,磨矿时间为5min时助磨效果最佳。添加助磨剂后磨矿产品中粒度小于38μm的颗粒含量明显增加,两种助磨剂都能有效降低磨矿的能耗,最大能耗降幅为57.14%。     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原过程中铁颗粒长大特性研究

研究鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原过程中金属铁颗粒的长大特性,并着重讨论还原温度、渣相碱度及反应时间对铁颗粒长大的影响。研究结果表明,高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原过程中金属铁颗粒成核及晶核长大的过程是破坏原矿鲕状结构的过程;提高还原温度以及延长还原时间有利于铁颗粒的聚集长大,提高渣相碱度不利于铁颗粒的聚集长大。     

碳酸钠在高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原中的作用

为了研究碳酸钠对尼日利亚某高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原焙烧-磁选脱磷效果的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了添加碳酸钠后直接还原焙烧的产物.结果表明,还原焙烧过程中添加碳酸钠后可以实现脱磷:碳酸钠的加入抑制了铁橄榄石的生成,阻断了磷进入金属铁的过程;使得鲕粒结构破坏,促进金属铁颗粒的聚集长大,有利于金属铁颗粒与脉石的解离;原矿中含磷矿物在焙烧过程中与碳酸钠反应生成可溶性的Na3PO4,在磨矿磁选过程中溶于水,使直接还原铁中磷的含量降低.