铁氧化物掺杂对沉积物吸持Cu与Zn能力的影响

通过分析铁氧化物、 铁氧化物掺杂前后沉积物吸附/解吸特性的变化规律, 研究针铁矿、 赤铁矿、 水铁矿及贫赤铁矿对重金属污染沉积物中Cu或Zn的固定化可行性. 结果表明, 铁氧化物掺杂后沉积物吸持Cu的能力明显下降, 但吸持Zn的能力显著增加, 尤其是针铁矿和赤铁矿的作用效果稳定. 因此, 4种铁氧化物中针铁矿和赤铁矿具有稳定固定污染沉积物中Zn的潜力, 但不能提高污染沉积物吸附Cu的能力.     

临夏盆地晚中新世沉积物中赤铁矿和针铁矿的含量特征及其意义

利用对铁氧化物矿物灵敏的漫反射光谱法,对临夏盆地的黑林顶剖面(古地磁年代为11.8～5.0Ma)赤铁矿和针铁矿含量进行测定.结果表明:赤铁矿含量在8.6 Ma以前相对较高,在8.6 Ma以后骤然降低并稳定在一低值范围;针铁矿则没有明显的变化趋势,赤铁矿/针铁矿的变化则与赤铁矿的变化趋势一致;赤铁矿、针铁矿含量及其比值在该剖面的变化特征主要反映了8.6 Ma以来亚洲内陆干旱化的加剧,可能与青藏高原在该时期的剧烈隆升密切相关.     

Cluster calculation of electronic structure and hyperfine interactions for α-Fe2O3

The MSX_α cluster technique has been used to study the electronic structure of hematite α-Fe₂O₃, where iron is formally in a 3d₅⁶S state. The calculated energy levels are compared with X-ray emission and photoelectron spectra. The wave functions have been used to compute the charge distribution, as well as hyperfine parameters such as quadrupole coupling constant, isomer shift and magnetic hyperfine field. The results indicate a considerable influence of chemical bonding on these parameters due to charge transfer and covalency. From the calculated field gradient and the measured quadrupole coupling constant a nuclear quadrupole moment for ^57mTe of about 0.11b is deduced. This value is smaller than the most recent estimates of 0.15b based on the ionic model but not as small as the value of 0.082b obtained from first principles calculations on iron dihalides.     

固相法制备氧化铁纳米粒子

采用固相法制备了氧化铁的纳米粒子，并对其进行了XRD谱图表征，发现产物氧化铁的晶型与灼烧温度及灼烧时间有关，随着灼烧温度的升高和灼烧时间的延长，氧化铁的晶型从γ型向α型转变。同时讨论了温度、时间等条件对产品粒径、产率等因素的影响。     

Improved flotation performance of hematite fines using citric acid as a dispersant

In this study, citric acid was used as a dispersant to improve the flotation performance of hematite fines. The effect and mechanism of citric acid on the reverse flotation of hematite fines were investigated by flotation tests, sedimentation experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta-potential measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of SEM analysis and flotation tests reveal that a strong heterocoagulation in the form of slime coating or coagulation in hematite fine slurry affects the beneficiation of hematite ores by froth flotation. The addition of a small amount of citric acid (less than 300 g/t) favorably affects the reverse flotation of hematite fines by improving particle dispersion. The results of sedimentation experiments, zeta-potential measurements, and XPS measurements demonstrate that citric acid adsorbs onto hematite and quartz surfaces via hydrogen bonding, thereby reducing the zeta potentials of mineral surfaces, strengthening the electrical double-layer repulsion between mineral particles, and dispersing the pulp particles.     

Acid Treatment Enables Suppression of Electron–Hole Recombination in Hematite for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

We report a strategy for efficient suppression of electron–hole recombination in hematite photoanodes. Acid‐treated hematite showed a substantially enhanced photocurrent density compared to untreated samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that the enhanced photocurrent is partly due to improved efficiency of charge separation. Transient absorption spectroscopic studies coupled to electrochemical measurements indicate that, in addition to improved bulk electrochemical properties, acid‐treated hematite has significantly decreased surface electron–hole recombination losses owing to a greater yield of the trapped photoelectrons being extracted to the external circuit.     

Controlled Aqueous Growth of Hematite Nanoplate Arrays Directly on Transparent Conductive Substrates and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties

Two‐dimensional (2D) hematite nanoplate arrays were synthesized directly on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)‐coated glass by using a facile and novel hydrothermal method. High‐temperature annealing retained the morphology of the nanoplate arrays while simultaneously introducing porosity. The thickness and length of the nanoplates could be tailored by adjusting the precursor composition. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements showed that the photocurrent generated with bare hematite nanoplate photoelectrode under backside illumination was about four times of that under frontside illumination in the entire bias range used, which suggested that slow electron transport was a limiting factor for its PEC performance. Upon Sn doping and Co‐Pi co‐catalyst addition, the photocurrent increased significantly owing to the enhancement of electron conductivity and oxidation kinetics. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted to understand the surface properties of the nanoplate arrays. Since this strategy is simple, cost‐effective, and highly reproducible, it provides exciting opportunities for the large‐scale growth of porous 2D metal oxide photoelectrodes for a variety of photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications.     

Inner structure and properties of diamond-shaped and spherical α-Fe2O3 particles

Uniform diamond-shaped and spherical -Fe₂O₃ particles, prepared by a forced hydrolysis of FeCl₃–HCl solutions, were characterized by various means. Electron microscope and x-ray diffraction measurements indicated that these particles are formed by recrystallization of -FeOOH to -Fe₂O₃ accompanying the dissolution of -FeOOH. Ultramicropores were formed in spherical particles with outgassing in vacuo above 150 °C by dehydration of inner OH groups, proving that the particles are polycrystalline. On the other hand, the highly crystallized diamond-shaped particles showed a less microporosity and were thermally stable against outgassing up to 400 °C. These results are compatible with those obtained for the monodispersed cubic and spherical -Fe₂O₃ particles reported in our previous paper [J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 87: 2241 (1991)].     

回流水热合成均分散纳米α-Fe2O3单晶粒子

系统地研究了以Fe(NO₃)₃为原料，回流水热合成均分散α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子。实验结果显示:当pH=1时，随着水热时间的增加，由透射电镜测试可知，多孔性纺锤形α-Fe₂O₃单晶转变成粒径在45 nm左右的均分散菱形单晶;而Fe(NO₃)₃用氨水中和形成Fe(OH)₃凝胶后，随着初始pH值的增加，完全转变成α-Fe₂O₃所需的时间增加、粒径减小，但产物的结构更为完整。另外通过实验发现，反应体系中存在的电解质对α-Fe₂O₃晶体的生成有促进作用。同时对初始pH值及电解质对α-Fe₂O₃生成速率的影响机理进行了分析。     

中性油同矿粒间的相互作用

研究了中性油乳浊液同矿粒间的相互作用。从热力学角度讨论了油滴同矿粒作用的条件。通过对粒子间的范氏作用力、静电力和疏水作用力的定量计算和化学作用力的分析,解释了油滴同矿粒间作用的选择性。最后,在物理模型的基础上,说明了“空间效应”的产生。