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31.
32.
【目的】 海南岛为中国第二大植胶区和仅有的两大热区之一,揭示其橡胶林的时空变化规律,对促进我国天然橡胶产业可持续发展有重要意义。【方法】 在Google Earth Engine(GEE)云计算平台上结合Landsat和Sentinel-2系列时间序列影像和橡胶林物候等信息,以5 a为步长提取了海南岛1990—2020年间7期橡胶林分布图,分析了海南岛橡胶林的时空变化规律。【结果】 ①近30年橡胶林面积增长趋势明显,从1990年的34.44万hm2增长至2020年的58.58万hm2,净增70.11%,且整体上呈现 “北增南减”的空间变化趋势;②在市/县尺度,橡胶林面积最大的主要市/县依次是儋州市、白沙县、澄迈县和琼中县,2020年占全岛橡胶林总面积的51.58%,而三亚市、东方市、文昌市及陵水县的橡胶林面积相对较小,2020年橡胶林总面积占比为5.22%;③近30年来,海南岛91.24%的橡胶林都种植在海拔300 m以下地区,97.75%种植地在25°坡度以下,海拔600 m以上几乎没有橡胶林分布,在海拔50~200 m和坡度0~5°的区域橡胶林增长幅度最大;④海南四大国家级自然保护区的实验区或缓冲区内均有少量橡胶林分布,但面积在逐渐下降。其中,霸王岭保护区内橡胶林面积最大,五指山保护区内面积最小,近30年四大保护区内橡胶林面积累计减少了68.02%,保护效果显著。虽然研究期海南岛的橡胶林面积增长非常显著,但集中在低海拔和相对平缓的区域,没有对位于中高海拔地区的热带雨林造成影响;四大国家级自然保护区内虽均有少量橡胶林分布,但递减趋势明显。【结论】 总体而言,海南橡胶林的发展模式良好,没有以牺牲大量热带森林为代价,尚未对当地的生态环境造成严重影响。 相似文献
33.
针对AGV运货时需一次性取多件货物的路径规划问题,提出一种PRM算法与蚁群算法相结合的融合算法,将问题拆分为路径的选择与TSP问题分布解决,即先利用PRM算法进行AGV路径规划,再利用蚁群算法决策出取货顺序,生成总的路径。最后采用matlab进行仿真实验,并与A*算法进行对比,结果证明了PRM蚁群融合算法比A*算法得出的路径更短、效率更高。 相似文献
34.
Barry R. Lentz 《Journal of fluorescence》1995,5(1):29-38
An important process in the life of a cell is fusion between cellular membranes. This is the process by which two cellular compartments surrounded by different membranes join to become a single compartment surrounded by a single membrane, without significant loss of compartment contents. To demonstrate fusion, the cell biophysicist must demonstrate all three critical aspects of the process: (1) mixing of membrane components, (2) mixing of compartment contents; and (3) retention of compartment contents. Most commonly, accomplishing this involves the use of fluorescence probes. The general theme to the methods described involves some form of concentration-dependent quenching. An unique method developed in our laboratory utilizes the concentration dependence of the fluorescence lifetime of a phosphatidylcholine containing carboxyethyl diphenylhexatriene at position 2 and palmitic acid at position 1 of glycerol (DPHpPC). The fluorescence lifetime of this molecule and that of its parent fluorophore diphenylhexatriene (DPH) shorten dramatically as their two-dimensional concentrations in a membrane increase. This lifetime quenching can be described by dimer formation that reduces the symmetry of the DPH excited state. This phenomenon allows one to use the fluorescence lifetime to gain insight into the local concentration of probe in microscopic regions of a membrane. One application of this is in distinguishing lipid transfer between the outer leaflets of two contacting membrane bilayers from fusion between these membranes that leads to mixing of lipids in both the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane bilayers. This allows a single measurement to demonstrate fusion between membrane pairs.Abbreviations PEG
poly(ethylene glycol)
- Na2EDTA
ethyiene-diamine-tetraacedic acid, disodium salt
- LUV
large, unilamellar vesicles made by rapid extrusion technique
- DPH
1,6-diphenyl-trans-1,3,5-hexatriene
- DPHpPC
1-palmitoyl-2-[[[2-[4- (phenyl-trans-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)phenyl]ethyl]oxy]carbonyl]-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine
- DPPC
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine
- PA
palmitic acid
- NBD-PE
N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-PE
- Rh-PE
N-(lissamine Rhodamine B sulfoyl)-PE
- R18
octadecyl Rhodamine B chloride
- ANTS
1-aminonaphthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid
- DPX
N,N-p-xylylene-bis(pyradinium bromide) 相似文献
35.
研究了氢对不锈钢堆焊层熔合区的断裂韧性的影响作用。发现不锈钢堆焊层熔合区的断裂韧性随着充氢时间的增加而下降,结果表明,氢是引起加氢反应器不锈钢堆焊层剥离的主要因素。 相似文献
36.
本文给出了一种多传感器多维位置数据融合的方法。这种方法基于多维位置数据的鲁棒估计和最小方差结合法。每个传感器用鲁棒估计得到自身数据的位置估计和方差估计,把这些估计融合为一个最优估计,即传感器系统的估计。 相似文献
37.
A. K. Galwey 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2005,82(2):423-437
Summary A representational model, proposed to account for the physical changes that accompany the melting of alkali halides, was described
in Part 1 [1]. The liquid is portrayed as undergoing continual dynamic structural reorganization of its constituent ions between
individual small domains, zones of various regular, crystal-type arrays. These alternative arrangements are stabilized by
the enthalpy of melting, which, in liquids, relaxes the restriction for solids that only the single, most stable, crystal
structure can be present. The dynamic character of the melt accounts for its fluid character and the loss of long-range order
[1, 2]. This model is extended here to consider the phase diagrams of binary, common ion, alkali halide mixtures comprehensively
reviewed in [3]. Factors determining whether each of these yields a eutectic, or a solid solution, on cooling are discussed
and several trends in the 70-phase diagrams are identified. Eutectic formation, involving maintenance of the liquid state
below the melting points of the pure components, is ascribed to the participation, in an extended dynamic equilibrium, of
additional domains having the regular structures characteristic of double salts. The known crystalline double binary halides
[3], Li/Cs or Rb/F, Cl, Br or I, melt at temperatures well below those of the simpler pure component salts. It is concluded
that the set/liq model for melting, proposed in [1, 2], accounts for some important properties of the phase diagrams presented
in [3]. 相似文献
38.
Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal analytical tool for preformulation
studies. Extrapolated melting temperature (TP)
and heat of fusion (ΔHf)
can be used as parameters for optimizing the DSC performance. Two model pharmaceuticals
acetaminophen and nicotinamide are used in this study. Using a factorial design
for the experimental model and matrix analysis the results, the effect of
sample mass, heating rate and the nitrogen flow rate were evaluated on the
ΔHf values
and TP values. Two
levels for each of the procedural variables were used as a balanced experimental
design with two sample sizes, two heating rates and two nitrogen flow rates.
It was found that the change in the heating rate caused significant changes
in the ΔHf
values but not the Tp
values for acetaminophen. However, no significant effect was found for the Tp value but ΔHf value was affected to a
certain extent for nicotinamide. 相似文献
39.
The enthalpies of sublimation and fusion and triple-point temperatures of 2-bromo-. 3-bro-mo- and 4-bromobenzoic acids have been determined precisely by sublimation calorimetry, drop calorimetry and differential thermal analysis. The measurements of sublimation enthalpy of the three acids were made at 333, 348 and 363 K, respectively, using a Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter equipped with Knudsen effusion cells. The derived standard molar enthalpies of sublimation at 298.15 K are (95. 94±0. 41), (99. 20± 0.18), and (103. 08±0. 59) kJ · mol-1for the 2-bromo-, 3-bromo- and 4-bromobenzoic acids, respectively. In addition, the saturated vapour pressure of these compounds was also calculated on the basis of the sublimation experiments. The enthalpy of fusion, the triple-point temperatures and the mole fraction purities of the samples of the investigated substances were measured using the mean temperature version DTA apparatus developed by the CTM of the CNRS in Marseille. The triple-point temperature and the 相似文献
40.