可渗透反应墙墙体内流速及流态数值模拟

为了对可渗透反应墙墙体内水流速度及流态进行理论研究与分析,采用Fluent软件对可渗透反应墙墙体进行模拟仿真,构建墙体介质为陶粒.模拟仿真结果表明,墙体内填充介质陶粒内部流速缓慢,可以很好固定处理污染物的生物菌,同时也表明,该软件在微观环境下模拟可渗透反应墙内部流速及流态情况是可行的.     

基于模式识别的人体肺癌电阻抗检测方法研究

根据阻抗频谱理论及模式识别理论,对手术中切除的恶性肿瘤组织及非肿瘤组织进行阻抗测量并进行肺癌辨识.利用Agilent4294A阻抗分析仪测量手术中切除样本的阻抗值,获得100,Hz~100,MHz频率激励下的阻抗频谱,经最小二乘算法拟合,得到频谱特征参数.将测量样本分成训练集与测试集,设计LMSE及Fisher两种线性分类器;分类器经训练后获得判别函数,利用分类器对测试集进行分类实验.研究结果表明,LMSE以及Fisher算法对测试样本均能进行有效识别,并且识别结果与病理切片分析结果吻合,验证了基于模式识别的方法对肺癌阻抗检测进行辨识的可行性与可靠性,为肿瘤早期筛查提供有效检测方法.     

Isotope pattern deconvolution as a tool to study iron metabolism in plants

Isotope pattern deconvolution is a mathematical technique for isolating distinct isotope signatures from mixtures of natural abundance and enriched tracers. In iron metabolism studies measurement of all four isotopes of the element by high-resolution multicollector or collision cell ICP–MS allows the determination of the tracer/tracee ratio with simultaneous internal mass bias correction and lower uncertainties. This technique was applied here for the first time to study iron uptake by cucumber plants using ⁵⁷Fe-enriched iron chelates of the o,o and o,p isomers of ethylenediaminedi(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (EDDHA) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Samples of root, stem, leaves, and xylem sap, after exposure of the cucumber plants to the mentioned ⁵⁷Fe chelates, were collected, dried, and digested using nitric acid. The isotopic composition of iron in the samples was measured by ICP–MS using a high-resolution multicollector instrument. Mass bias correction was computed using both a natural abundance iron standard and by internal correction using isotope pattern deconvolution. It was observed that, for plants with low ⁵⁷Fe enrichment, isotope pattern deconvolution provided lower tracer/tracee ratio uncertainties than the traditional method applying external mass bias correction. The total amount of the element in the plants was determined by isotope dilution analysis, using a collision cell quadrupole ICP–MS instrument, after addition of ⁵⁷Fe or natural abundance Fe in a known amount which depended on the isotopic composition of the sample.     

Numerical radius and zero pattern of matrices

Let A be an n×n complex matrix and r be the maximum size of its principal submatrices with no off-diagonal zero entries. Suppose A has zero main diagonal and x is a unit n-vector. Then, letting ‖A‖ be the Frobenius norm of A, we show that

|〈Ax,x〉^|2?(1−1/2r−1/2n)‖A^‖2.     

Chemical state of Na and K ions in Na10K5 silicate glass under electron irradiation investigated by XPS with the aid of the line shape analysis

The Na? K (Na10K5) silicate glass, unirradiated and electron irradiated (electron dose from 25 to 8239 Cm^?2) is investigated using XPS. The measurements are performed in the angular‐resolved ADES‐400 spectrometer using AlKα X‐ray radiation and an electron beam of energy 2 keV. Owing to surface charging and ambiguity of identification of the atomic oxidized chemical states, the line shapes of selected XPS transitions are analyzed with the aid of the pattern recognition (PR) method. This method is based on a distance measure and deals with spectra representation as vectors in the n‐dimensional space. The algorithm presented, called the fuzzy k‐nearest neighbor (fkNN) rule, allows for identification of ambiguous vectors with the membership vectors described by classes membership probabilities. Under electron irradiation, the Na and K content in a surface region undergoesincrease and then slow systematic decrease. The line shape analysis indicates difficult classification of XPS spectra recorded for unirradiated and irradiated glass, especially for Na 1s transition. The chemical state of Na is a mixture of elemental and oxidized form and remains unchanged for all electron doses. Larger changes in the chemical form are observed for the K atom. In an unirradiated silicate glass, a mixture of elemental and oxide form is observed with increasing content of oxide under irradiation. The alkali atoms, Na and K, exhibit a migration effect. Comparison of PR and fitting results indicates better reliability and accuracy of the PR method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Degradation patterns and surface wettability of electrospun fibrous mats

Degradation profiles and surface wettability are critical for optimal application of electrospun fibrous mats as drug carriers, tissue growth scaffolds and wound dressing materials. The effect of surface morphologies and chemical groups on surface wettability, and the resulting matrix degradation profiles were firstly assessed for electrospun poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA) and poly(d,l-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PELA) fibers. The air entrapment between the fiber interfaces clarified the effects of various surface morphologies on the surface wettability. Chemical groups with lower binding energy were enriched on the fiber surface due to the high voltage of the electrospinning process, and a surface erosion pattern was detected in the degradation of electrospun PDLLA fibers, which was quite different from the bulk degradation pattern for other forms of PDLLA. Contributed by the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) segments, the degradation of electrospun PELA fibers with hydrophobic surface followed a pattern different from surface erosion and typical bulk degradation.     

基于多特征算法选择的太赫兹时域光谱用于水稻种子掺假研究

该文提出了一种基于太赫兹时域光谱的水稻种子模式识别方法。实验以10种不同品牌混合掺假的水稻种子为样本,基于采集的样本太赫兹时域光谱数据,通过建立Relief、随机森林（RF）、支持向量机递归特征消除（SVM-RFE）和最大相关最小冗余（mRMR）模型分别对样本光谱波长进行特征选择,最后设计分类器对4种特征选择方法处理后的样本进行分类识别。结果表明,基于布谷鸟算法（CS）优化的极限学习机模型对经RF特征选择算法提取后的样本光谱数据具有最佳识别效果,其准确率可达100%,实验对于法庭科学领域内种子的掺假鉴定具有一定的借鉴意义。     

存在外加浓度梯度时的沉淀斑图形成

本文主要讨论了内电解质非均匀分布情况下的沉淀图案形成。通过施加反应物的不同浓度梯度,可以观察到几类新的沉淀斑图结构,如分叉状,苞芽状斑图,以及有断环间隔的Liesegang环。分析表明,尽管外加了浓度梯度,但第n个环形成的位置与形成的时间还是满足普通Liesegang环的简单定律。所不同的是,反应体系中一旦有断环形成,相邻沉淀条纹间距比值X_n+1/X_n就会偏离原来的线性关系。     

Second phase spinodal decomposition for the Cahn-Hilliard-Cook equation

We consider the dynamics of a nonlinear partial differential equation perturbed by additive noise. Assuming that the underlying deterministic equation has an unstable equilibrium, we show that the nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation exhibits essentially linear dynamics far from equilibrium. More precisely, we show that most trajectories starting at the unstable equilibrium are driven away in two stages. After passing through a cylindrical region, most trajectories diverge from the deterministic equilibrium through a cone-shaped region which is centered around a finite-dimensional subspace corresponding to strongly unstable eigenfunctions of the linearized equation, and on which the influence of the nonlinearity is surprisingly small.

This abstract result is then applied to explain spinodal decomposition in the stochastic Cahn-Hilliard-Cook equation on a domain . This equation depends on a small interaction parameter  , and one is generally interested in asymptotic results as  . Specifically, we show that linear behavior dominates the dynamics up to distances from the deterministic equilibrium which can reach  with respect to the -norm.

     

不同曲率弯管对气相爆轰波传播特性的影响

采用附加Runge-Kutta方法,5阶加权无震荡格式和基元反应模型,对规则爆轰波在15°,20°,30°,40°,45°,60°光滑弯管的传播过程进行了数值模拟. 本文采用的基元反应模型是9组分48反应模型,反应气体为满足化学当量比的H₂/O₂混合气体,并用氩气稀释. 分析数值模拟结果发现所有弯管胞格结构都从规则变为不规则,随着弯角度数的增加,爆轰胞格结构从有到消失,爆轰波从没有熄爆区到有熄爆区,30°是有无胞格消失区、产生熄爆与非熄爆的临界度数;在一定压力下,大于30°的弯管下游都会产生重新起爆的现象;由于弯管的复杂性,爆轰波的反射在下壁面存在马赫反射和规则反射两种模式.