坐标变换中旋转角多值性的讨论

讨论坐标变换中旋转角的多值性、方程系数的变化     

Genetic Diversity of Three Aristichthys nobilis Populations and One Inbreeding Stock

Genetic diversity of three Aristichthys nobilis populations and one inbreeding stock was studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)method. Materials of natural populations were collected from two counties of Guangxi Province, Hengxian (NH) and Shanglin (NS) and one city of Hubei Province, Wuhan city.(NW). Shanglin and Hengxian's river system respectively belongs to Qianjiang and Yujiang River, two tributaries confluencing to Xunjiang River, main tributary of Xijiang River, which is the biggest tributary of the Zhujiang River system, and Wuhan's water system belongs to the Yangtse River system. The inbreeding stock (RS) was the more than 10 generation descendant by brother-sister mating system whose parents were collected from Shanglin. The results showed that the genetic variety of individuals of RS was very low (0.105 4), whereas that of natural populations was relatively high,which from high to low was 0.158 1 (NW), 0.132 0 (NH) and 0.110 5 (NS). As an index for genetic distance pair-wise populations, the genetic variety between populations was studied, which characterized the genetic distance between populations. The genetic distance of NW and NH, NW and NS, NW and RS were respectively high, whereas that of NH and NS, NS and RS, NH and RS was low. Chi-test(χ2) and the analysis of the genetic variety pair-wise populations was taken as efficient approach for studying population difference.     

不同分离培养基对检测废水中微生物种群多样性的影响

用 3种不同培养基 (YPG、LB、WW)从焦化废水处理系统中分离培养细菌 ,并用 ERIC-PCR指纹分析的方法 ,对分离物的种群多样性进行了比较研究 .同一悬浮污泥样品在 YPG、LB和 WW培养基上的活菌计数结果分别为 1 .6× 1 0 6 CFU/ ml、7.0× 1 0 5CFU/ ml和 9.8× 1 0 5CFU/ ml.选取最适稀释度 (1 0 - 4) ,分别从 YPG、WW和 LB三种不同培养基平板上分离了 5 6、3 9和 60株菌株 .用 ERIC-PCR指纹图的方法分析这 1 5 5株菌株的多样性 ,结果显示 ,废水培养基 (WW)的选择性最强 ,3 9株分离物只显示 1 2种不同的指纹类型 ;而 YPG培养基的选择性相对较低 ,5 4株分离物中共有 3 0种不同的指纹类型 ,多样性明显 ;LB培养基上因有 2 8%的小菌落无法用 ERIC序列扩增 ,故不能用此方法对其多样性作有效评价 .至此 ,本次实验就分离焦化废水处理系统中的细菌及对分离物进行分子多样性的研究而言 ,选用 YPG培养基最合适 .     

蛋白质结构型预测的研究

以 nα、nβ、nβαβ、n4α、n4β等五个二级结构参数为基础 ,用离散增量研究了蛋白质的聚类和蛋白质的结构型预测 .α型 ,β型和 αβ型可以很好地分别聚在三个大支中 .蛋白质结构型预测总体预测正确率为 82 % ,用 Self-consistency和 Jake-knife这两种方法测试的结果没有明显的差别 .从结果可以看出利用蛋白质的二级结构参数能较好地体现出各种结构型蛋白质的特点 .     

中国雨蛙的染色体多样性研究

本文研究了云南大理产的中国雨蛙的核型，并分析了4个地理居群中国雨蛙的核型，结果表明，不同地理居群具有相同的染色体数目和核型模式，即为2n=24，NF＝48，核模式6＋6，但中国雨蛙不同居群之间在SM数目和顺，次缢痕或随体的位置等都有所不同，说明不同地理居群的中国雨蛙的染色体具有丰富的多样性。     

绵阳官司河流域防护林物种多样性特征

用对数正态分布模型分析绵阳司官司河流域防护林乔木层的种多度关系，用多种公式计算防护林各层次的物种多样性，并与我国暖温带落叶阔叶林的物种多样性相比较，得出以下结论：（１）该流域防护林乔木层的种多度关系符合对数正态分布模型，说明个体数量最多的乔木仅限于当数几种树木，（２）主要群落内乔木层，灌木层和草本层的丰富度，均匀度和总多样性指数都比较低，甚至低于我国暖温带落叶阔叶林相对应的指数，这说明防护林尚属于     

新疆阿拉山口地区鼠类群落物种多样性的初步研究

根据阿拉山品地区环境和鼠类分布的差异将该地区的鼠类划分为５种鼠类群落，（１）红尾沙鼠＋五趾跳鼠群落，（２）五趾跳鼠＋小家鼠群落；（３）红尾沙鼠群落；（４）褐家鼠＋小家鼠群落；（５）小家鼠＋灰仓鼠群落，同时对鼠类群落的多样性－均匀度和相似性等进行了初步分析。     

外来入侵种空心莲子草的RAPD遗传多样性分析

基于随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)方法,对8个居群空心莲子草Agasicles hygrophila的遗传多样性及分化程度进行分析。10条随机引物扩增出99个可分析位点,多态位点百分比为36．3％。POPOGENE分析发现,空心莲子草居群平均水平的多态位点百分比为26．2％,Nei’s基因多样度为0．0906,Shannon信息指数为0．1609,具有较高的遗传多样性;居群间遗传分化比例为30．88％,居群内遗传分化占69．12％;居群间基因流为1．1189。结合居群遗传多样性及UPGMA聚类分析表明,镇江及南京地区是空心莲子草遗传变异程度最高的中心区,应该作为外来种空心莲子草防治及根除的重点地带,防治的最有效措施是加强对其无性繁殖体临近传播、蔓延和扩散途径的阻断。     

Boosted leave-many-out cross-validation: the effect of training and test set diversity on PLS statistics

It is becoming increasingly common in quantitative structure/activity relationship (QSAR) analyses to use external test sets to evaluate the likely stability and predictivity of the models obtained. In some cases, such as those involving variable selection, an internal test set – i.e., a cross-validation set – is also used. Care is sometimes taken to ensure that the subsets used exhibit response and/or property distributions similar to those of the data set as a whole, but more often the individual observations are simply assigned `at random.' In the special case of MLR without variable selection, it can be analytically demonstrated that this strategy is inferior to others. Most particularly, D-optimal design performs better if the form of the regression equation is known and the variables involved are well behaved. This report introduces an alternative, non-parametric approach termed `boosted leave-many-out' (boosted LMO) cross-validation. In this method, relatively small training sets are chosen by applying optimizable k-dissimilarity selection (OptiSim) using a small subsample size (k = 4, in this case), with the unselected observations being reserved as a test set for the corresponding reduced model. Predictive errors for the full model are then estimated by aggregating results over several such analyses. The countervailing effects of training and test set size, diversity, and representativeness on PLS model statistics are described for CoMFA analysis of a large data set of COX2 inhibitors.     

油樟叶内生真菌的多样性研究

 采取在马铃薯培养基上加无菌油樟(Cinnamomum longepaniculatum N.Chao ex H.W.Li)叶汁液作为分离培养基的办法,从油樟树叶中分离到24株内生真菌,经过鉴定,其分属于子囊菌纲的双足囊菌属(Dipodascus Lagerh.)、拟指突孢曲霉属(Emericellopsis J.F.H.Beyma)和半知菌类的花核菌属(Anthina Fr.)、青霉属(Penicillium Link)、组丝核菌属(Phacodium Pers.)、茎叶核菌属(Ectostroma Fr.)、地霉(Geotrichum Link)、皮核菌(Acinula Fr.)、团丝核菌(Papulaspora Preuss)、发菌(Capillaria Pers.)、峡串孢霉(Paepalopsis J.G.Khn)、小卵孢霉(Ovularia Sacc.)、卵形孢霉(Oospora Wallr.)、稀丝头孢霉(Haplotrichum Link)、单梗曲霉(Briarea Corda)等15个属,且以无孢菌居多,表现出较为丰富的类群(物种)多样性.