野生稻材料中氨基酸、碳、氮含量分析及其在种质资源评价中的应用

 野生稻是宝贵的遗传资源库.云南有较丰富的野生稻资源,研究对云南及其它来源的野生稻和栽培稻茎、叶和稻米中氨基酸含量及碳、氮含量进行了分析.结果表明:所涉及的几种材料中茎叶内总氨基酸质量比差异较大,小粒野生稻最高56.8 mg/g,野生的元江普通野生稻最低22.8 mg/g.换算的C/N和蛋白质质量分数变化范围分别为12~38和6%~20%.对野生稻茎、叶和相应的稻米中氨基酸总量及氨基酸组成间的相关性进行了分析,发现两者具有显著相关性.并初步探讨了茎、叶中氨基酸含量在评价植物种质资源评价中的应用.     

加快凉山州优质稻产业化发展的思考

凉山州水稻生产自然环境条件优越,是川西南地区主要的生产和高产区.充分发挥凉山优质稻资源得天独厚的优势,大力推进优质稻产业化发展,促进农民增产增收具有重要的意义.而提高认识、全面规划、夯实基础、依靠科技、优化服务又是凉山发展优质稻的关键措施.     

不同播期对杂交水稻秧苗素质的影响

对西昌地区新引进的几个杂交水稻新品种进行了分期播种试验,通过对各处理秧苗素质的分析表明:阳鑫优1号、内香优3号、金优188、富优4号等品种在3月15日播种,内香优13号在3月29日播种,秧苗素质最高.     

水稻基因表达谱分析寡核苷酸芯片制备的研究

 首先有目的地搜集了50个水稻花序相关基因,进行了探针的设计、筛选及合成纯化,用点样仪以微阵列的形式将其点于醛基化的玻璃片上;将3个不同生长阶段的水稻花序材料的总RNA经荧光标记反转录后与寡核苷酸芯片进行杂交.用ScanArray3000对获得的表达谱进行扫描分析显示,芯片图像背景均匀,信号清晰.用ImaGene4.0软件对表达谱分析表明,候选基因在水稻花序3个不同发育阶段的材料中,表达水平有显著差异.为进一步进行水稻寡核苷酸芯片的制备及应用奠定了基础.     

福建药白曲中优势菌的筛选及其特性研究

对福建药白曲中的优势菌进行分离纯化,得到4株毛霉(M1,M2,M3,M4)和3株酵母(Y1,Y2,Y3).初步鉴定3株酵母分别为啤酒酵母葡萄酒变种、产膜毕氏酵母和汉逊酵母.对毛霉和酵母的生理特性研究表明:毛霉产酶高峰期是在发酵第3~4d;4株毛霉中M4产蛋白酶、糖化酶和淀粉酶均相对较高,同时能产生特殊的酒香味;酵母生长最适温度为30℃,最适pH5~6,生长对数期为5~15 h;3株酵母中,Y1产酒精能力最高.综合考虑福建黄酒酿造工艺,选取毛霉M4和酵母Y1作为纯菌种酿造菌株.     

锗在水稻—土壤体系内的迁移转化规律研究

本文研究了锗对不同时期水稻生理性状的影响,初步探索了锗在水稻-土壤体系内的迁移和转化规律。试验结果表明,低浓度的锗对水稻的生长发育具有促进作用,高浓度的锗则具有抑制或毒害作用。不同品种水稻幼苗的生理性状受锗的影响程度不同。锗在水稻体内的积累规律为:糙米<根<茎叶,即锗一旦被水稻吸收,将迅速向地上部分迁移。在实验基础上,初步确定了锗在水稻中的最高允许浓度为0.050μg/ml,为水稻作为有机锗的生物转化器提供试验数据,同时也为重金属的植物化提供一定的研究基础。     

钾肥对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

应用随机组合设计方法 ,研究了石灰性草甸土壤合理施用钾肥对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响 ,结果表明 :钾肥主要是通过影响有效重穗、结实率而促进产量的形成 ,对水稻的效重穗、结实率表现出极明显的促进作用。对水稻的产量有 Y=6 973.5 7.388X- 0 .0 2 80 X2的模式效应     

日本超级稻在粤北地区的引种试验

日本超级稻在粤北地区试种的结果表明:该超级稻在粤北地区栽培的生育期适中,其生育期为127d,比对照品种优优4480的生育期130d,早熟3d,并且该超级稻还具有产量高、丰产性好等特点,其产量比对照品种增产12.6%,结实率比对照品种高12.6%,适宜在粤北地区作为早造种植,可以进行扩大试种.     

Two closely linked rice U14 boxC/D snoRNAs

By analysis of the conserved elements in yeast U14 boxC/D snoRNA. the conserved elements in rice U14 boxC/D snoRNA have been speculated. Through computer search of the international rice genome database, two rice U14 snoRNA gene candidates are obtained. These two putative U14 snoRNA genes are closely linked on rice chromosome 2. The coding sequences of these two snoR-NAs exhibit the hallmark structure of boxC/D antisense snoRNA. They both have conserved boxC and boxD sequences and a 14nt-long complement to the sequence between 414nt and 427nt of rice 18S rRNA (according to GenBank accession no. X00755). The experimental evidence shows that these two snoRNAs are involved in the methylation of the complementary sequence of rice 18S rRNA. The existence and localization of these two snoRNAs are proved by RT-PCR and Northern blot. Further analysis shows that both of the newly found rice snoRNAs have high homology with maize U14 snoRNA. and they are named rice U14.1 snoRNA and U14.2 snoRNA respectively. The gene sequence encoding these two snoRNAs has been deposited in the GenBank database under accession number of AF332622.     

Transformation of japonica rice with RHL gene and salt tolerance of the transgenic rice plant

Overexpression of the yeast HAL2 gene increases salt tolerance of yeast and plant. Rice HAL2-like (RHL) gene was introduced into a japonica rice cultivar HJ19 with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants in R0 generation were selected on the principle of GUS-positive, RHL gene PCR-positive and normal growth. Hygromycin-resistant plants of some transgenic lines in R1 generation increased salt tolerance during the seedling and booting stage, being less damaged in the cytomembrane and stronger in leaf tissue viability under salt stress during booting period. Southern analysis of transgenic lines tolerant to salt in R1 generation showed that the RHL gene expression cassette had been successfully integrated into rice genome. Moreover, gene engineering breeding methodology and really salt-tolerant rice cultivar were discussed.