鱼糜漂洗水中可溶蛋白的回收技术

对鱼糜漂洗水中可溶蛋白的综合回收技术情况进行了相关介绍, 主要包括絮凝沉淀法、等电点沉淀法、膜分离法、电阻加热法等, 这些技术的使用不仅实现了蛋白资源的再利用, 而且也减少了对环境的污染.     

饲料中补充晶体蛋氨酸和羟基蛋氨酸钙对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能的影响

饲料中添加30%鱼粉为对照组饲料和6组试验饲料(分别替代对照组中16.67%、33.33%和50.00%的鱼粉,同一鱼粉替代水平的2组分别添加晶体蛋氨酸和羟基蛋氨酸钙,使其蛋氨酸含量与对照组一致)喂养罗氏沼虾(初始体重为(0.29±0.04) g )10周,研究不同鱼粉替代水平下,分别添加晶体蛋氨酸和羟基蛋氨酸钙对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.结果表明：复合蛋白源替代对照组16.67%鱼粉并补充羟基蛋氨酸钙组的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和饲料系数同对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);同一鱼粉替代水平下,羟基蛋氨酸钙组的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均显著高于晶体蛋氨酸组(P<0.05).血清生化组成的分析结果表明：血清总蛋白含量各处理组之间差异显著(P<0.05),对照组血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),其中同一替代水平下,饲料中添加羟基蛋氨酸钙组谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力低于添加晶体蛋氨酸组.由此可见,与晶体蛋氨酸相比,羟基蛋氨酸钙能更有效提高罗氏沼虾生长性能和饲料利用效率.     

Effect of Coconut Protein and Xanthan Gum,Soybean Polysaccharide and Gelatin Interactions in Oil-Water Interface

We report on our study of the interactions between coconut protein extracted from coconut meat and three hydrocolloids (gelatin, xanthan gum, and soybean polysaccharide) and their interfacial adsorption and emulsification properties. We used Zeta potential, fluorescence spectroscopy scanning and ITC to investigate the interactions between a fixed concentration (1%) of coconut protein and varying concentrations of hydrocolloid. Through the interfacial tension and interfacial viscoelasticity, the interfacial properties of the hydrocolloid and coconut protein composite solution were explored. The physical stability of the corresponding emulsion is predicted through microstructure and stability analysis. Xanthan gum forms a flocculent complex with coconut protein under acidic conditions. Soy polysaccharides specifically bind to coconut protein. Under acidic conditions, this complex is stabilized through the steric hindrance of soy polysaccharides. Due to gelatin-coconut protein interactions, the isoelectric point of this complex changes. The interfacial tension results show that as time increases, the interfacial tensions of the three composite solutions decrease. The increase in the concentration of xanthan gum makes the interfacial tension decrease first and then increase. The addition of soybean polysaccharides reduces the interfacial tension of coconut protein. The addition of xanthan gum forms a stronger elastic interface film. Emulsion characterization showed that the gelatin-added system showed better stability. However, the addition of xanthan gum caused stratification quickly, and the addition of soybean polysaccharides also led to instability because the addition of polysaccharides led to a decrease in thermodynamic compatibility. This research lays the foundation for future research into coconut milk production technology.     

蛋白- SDS胶束中蛋白与SDS结合比率的测定

研究了影响蛋白和SDS结合比例的各种因素.该比例与离子强度无关,但与巯基乙醇和SDS的质量分数相关.建立了测定蛋白-SDS胶束中蛋白与SDS结合比率的方法.当总SDS质量分数为蛋白质量分数的3倍左右,离子强度小于0.2,测出牛血清白蛋白、鱼精蛋白、溶菌酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶的蛋白/SDS比例分别为1∶1.42、1∶1.62、1∶1.36、1∶1.53和1∶1.41.而乙醇酸氧化酶的蛋白/SDS比例则仅为1∶0.23.     

干旱胁迫对9种菊科杂草可溶性蛋白质的影响

利用聚乙二醇（PEG6000）模拟水分胁迫法,研究了9种菊科杂草在不同水分胁迫强度下,其叶片可溶性蛋白含量及组分的动态变化．结果表明：大蓟、加拿大飞蓬和清明菜体内可溶性蛋白含量及组分明显变化,在胁迫24-48h时出现分子量约60kD的干旱诱导蛋白;胁迫时间对白蒿、苦荬菜、马兰、泥胡菜、天名精、黄鹌菜的叶片可溶性蛋白含量改变有极显著差异,胁迫浓度对植物叶片可溶性蛋白含量改变无显著差异．     

Facile synthesis of pH‐responsive glycopolypeptides with adjustable sugar density

Well‐defined pH‐responsive glycopolypeptides were prepared by polymer‐analogous aqueous amide coupling of d ‐glucosamine to poly(α,l ‐glutamic acid) (PGA) using the coupling agent 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT‐MM) without any organic solvents, additives, or buffers. Degrees of substitution (DS) up to 80% can be achieved, and the DS is adjustable by the molar ratio of DMT‐MM to PGA repeating units. Successful glycosylation of both low MW and high MW PGA was confirmed by ¹H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy as well as by an enhanced solubility at low pH. CD spectroscopy revealed that glycosylated PGAs with a DS up to 0.63 are able to undergo a pH‐responsive and reversible helix‐coil transition. However, for polymers with higher DS no transition occurs. A comparison with PGAs functionalized with monoethanolamine showed that the low helicity at high DS is not a steric effect due to the bulky sugar moieties, but a solvation effect. Preliminary turbidimetric tests with the lectin Concanavalin A indicate a biological activity of these glycosylated polypeptides. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 3925–3931     

Poly(amidoamine)s: Past,present, and perspectives

Poly(amidoamine)s (PAAs) are a family of synthetic polymers obtained by stepwise polyaddition of prim‐ or sec‐amines to bisacrylamides. Nearly all conceivable bisacrylamides and prim‐ or sec‐amines can be employed as monomers endowing PAAs of a structural versatility nearly unique among stepwise polyaddition polymers. PAAs are degradable in aqueous media, including physiological fluids. Many of them are remarkably biocompatible notwithstanding their cationic character. PAAs are per se highly functional polymers and, in addition, can be further functionalized giving rise to an endless variety of polymeric structures meeting the requisites for applications in such apparently disparate fields as inorganic water pollutants scavengers, sensors, drug and protein intracellular carriers, transfection promoters, peptidomimetic antiviral and antimalarial agents. In this review, the unique chemistry of PAAs is discussed and a vast library of PAA structures and PAA applications from the beginning to the present days reported. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2319–2353     

未成年猕猴最低蛋白质平衡日粮的研究

在笼养条件下, 对４ 组未成年猕猴（共１２ 只） 分别饲喂粗蛋白质含量为Ⅰ组２１．１％ 、Ⅱ组１９％ 、Ⅲ组１７．１％ 和Ⅳ组１４．８％ 的日粮, 试验期１８０ ｄ, 结果表明： ４ 组猕猴平均增重分别为０．６ ｋｇ、０．６ ｋｇ、０．５ ｋｇ 和０．５ ｋｇ; 实验期间各组猕猴血红蛋白、血清总蛋白和血清总脂含量无明显变化。经核算, Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的饲料成本分别比Ⅰ组下降了７．８％ 、１５．０％和２１．１％ 。从生物学和经济学的观点考虑, 初步认为在本试验条件下, 未成年猕猴日粮粗蛋白质含量以１７．１％ （Ⅲ组） 最合适     

钠离子依赖的中性氨基酸转运蛋白SNAT2-HA融合蛋白的构建及鉴定

钠离子依赖的中性氨基酸转运蛋白SNAT2在哺乳动物组织中广泛表达,具有转运中性氨基酸的功能,在谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环、肝脏糖质新生等生物通路中发挥重要作用．为了方便测定SNAT2在细胞膜上的表达和定位,本研究采用PCR扩增和酶切连接将HA标签蛋白与SNAT2的C末端连接,构建了真核生物表达载体pBK-CMVA（1098—1300）-SNAT2-HA表达载体．用脂质体转染法将该表达载体瞬时转染到HEK293T细胞中,通过Westernblot法检测到SNAT2-HA融合蛋白在细胞膜上的正确表达和定位．pBK-CMV△（1098-1300）-SNAT2-HA表达载体的成功构建,为今后对SNAT2的结构和功能的研究提供了有效方法．