正确认识改革的代价是凝聚改革共识的必要条件

为了更好地凝聚改革共识，必须正确认识改革的代价问题。要改革就不可避免地会付出一定的代价，但改革过程中出现的各种问题并非都是改革的产物；改革代价的表现形式是多种多样的，不同形式的代价对改革与发展所起的作用也不同。改革主体能够能动地调控代价。为此，必须树立“底线思维”，牢牢把握改革代价的合理限度；提高改革决策的科学性；坚持主导性和全面性相统一、预测性和补偿性相结合的改革原则。     

论庞德的社会控制理论及其对我国犯罪控制的启示

庞德的社会控制理论是以实用主义哲学与社会控制学说作为其理论的基石，以社会利益学说作为其社会控制理论思想的核心。该理论于19世纪末20世纪初，形成发展起来的，影响颇深。庞德的社会控制理论与刑法中的刑法谦抑性这一理论的实质精神也不谋而合。在我国现阶段的法治建设中，庞德的社会控制理论对其具有深刻的启示意义，尤其是在现代化的社会进程中，以利益博弈为核心的骤变与聚合，使得犯罪组织化、多元化和复杂化等等，进一步使控制犯罪这个社会越轨行为的难度加大。庞德的社会控制理论与刑法这一理论相结合正好给予了我国犯罪控制的理论指引，最终达到减少犯罪的社会控制目的。     

政府奖励对报废汽车回收模式选择的作用机制研究——基于企业社会责任视角

随着我国报废汽车数量的增多,由其造成的交通隐患、环境污染和资源浪费已成为重要社会问题,而如何设计合理可行的回收模式成为解决问题的关键。以制造商主导为前提,提出了基于企业社会责任的报废汽车回收模型,构建了制造商回收、销售商回收和第三方回收模式下的回收流程和数学模型,通过实例对考虑和不考虑企业社会责任两种情况下的回收模型进行了分析,探讨了不同政府奖励下报废汽车回收模式的策略选择。通过研究发现:(1)不论是否考虑企业社会责任,随着政府奖励的增加,制造商最终都会选择由自己进行回收;(2)当考虑企业社会责任时,政府奖励和决策者经济责任偏好都会导致决策的改变,随着政府奖励和赋予经济责任权重的同步增加,制造商的决策由第三方企业回收模式或销售商回收模式变成了制造商回收模式,表明政府奖励和企业社会责任对报废汽车回收模式选择具有显著影响。     

越轨社会学视角下的审判行为瑕疵控制机制及其运行机理

从越轨社会学的视角来看，审判行为瑕疵即指法官在审判中实施的越轨行为，其控制机制不外乎制裁、奖励和内化三种类型。然而，这三者皆有局限性，在实践中须相互补充、共同作用才能有效发挥对审判行为瑕疵的控制功能。     

The Economics of Social Stratification in Premodern Societies

We present a microeconomic model of social stratification, which includes an endogenous fertility component. In the model, egalitarian and stratified societies coexist. The latter are divided into 2 hereditary classes: a warrior elite and a productive class. The model entails that the extra cost warriors must incur to train and equip their children for war determines the relative sizes of both classes and the degree of economic inequality. Higher costs of warrior children imply a greater economic advantage for warriors and a smaller ratio of warriors to producers. These results are consistent with the historical evidence. Finally, we explore conditions under which the social contributions of the warrior elite could discourage a revolution.     

Order-Stability in Complex Biological,Social, and AI-Systems from Quantum Information Theory

This paper is our attempt, on the basis of physical theory, to bring more clarification on the question “What is life?” formulated in the well-known book of Schrödinger in 1944. According to Schrödinger, the main distinguishing feature of a biosystem’s functioning is the ability to preserve its order structure or, in mathematical terms, to prevent increasing of entropy. However, Schrödinger’s analysis shows that the classical theory is not able to adequately describe the order-stability in a biosystem. Schrödinger also appealed to the ambiguous notion of negative entropy. We apply quantum theory. As is well-known, behaviour of the quantum von Neumann entropy crucially differs from behaviour of classical entropy. We consider a complex biosystem S composed of many subsystems, say proteins, cells, or neural networks in the brain, that is, S=(Si). We study the following problem: whether the compound system S can maintain “global order” in the situation of an increase of local disorder and if S can preserve the low entropy while other Si increase their entropies (may be essentially). We show that the entropy of a system as a whole can be constant, while the entropies of its parts rising. For classical systems, this is impossible, because the entropy of S cannot be less than the entropy of its subsystem Si. And if a subsystems’s entropy increases, then a system’s entropy should also increase, by at least the same amount. However, within the quantum information theory, the answer is positive. The significant role is played by the entanglement of a subsystems’ states. In the absence of entanglement, the increasing of local disorder implies an increasing disorder in the compound system S (as in the classical regime). In this note, we proceed within a quantum-like approach to mathematical modeling of information processing by biosystems—respecting the quantum laws need not be based on genuine quantum physical processes in biosystems. Recently, such modeling found numerous applications in molecular biology, genetics, evolution theory, cognition, psychology and decision making. The quantum-like model of order stability can be applied not only in biology, but also in social science and artificial intelligence.     

基于社会身份认同和自我效能的公益创业教学策略

大学生公益创业教育越来越引起国内高校的重视，但缺乏相应的理论指导及必要的教学方法、手段及工具支持。文章引入社会身份认同理论及自我效能理论，结合自身参与公益创业教育的实践经验，提出基于培养大学生作为公益创业者的社会身份认同和自我效能的教学策略，给出相应的教学方法及工具，并探讨各种教学方法的实施要点及其对学生态度和行为的潜在影响。     

克服“搭便车”困境——梅花拳在义和团运动中社会动员机制之研究

在对梅花拳及义和团运动史料进行梳理的基础上，结合“搭便车”理论，从社会学视角探讨了梅花拳在义和团运动中的社会动员机制．研究认为，梅花拳充分利用了自身的小组织结构、准家庭网络和独特的情感、符号及话语，有效克服了集体行动中普遍存在的“搭便车”困境，成功实现了对拳民的社会动员．