Shear-wave splitting and anisotropy in crust of Dabieshan orogenic belt

The shear-wave splitting was analyzed on the deep seismic sounding profile crossing the Dabieshan area. The direction difference between Sg and SmS fast wave polarization indicates that the modem regional tectonic stress field in the Dabieshan area exists only in uppcr crust, while the crack alignment caused by the Triassic collision between the North China and the Yangtze blocks had been preserved in mid-lower curst.     

沥青砂浆粘弹性断裂扩延分析及其断裂特性的推求

以沥青砂浆材料为例,通过薄板的蠕变断裂及单轴拉伸蠕变的试验结果和数据分析,推求出沥青砂浆在不同温度下的断裂特性参数Γ和σｍＩ１。     

透射焦散线法研究甲板开口边缘Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子

为研究船舶甲板开口边缘受拉的Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子,并探索焦散线方法在船舶结构中的应用,采用透射焦散线方法进行了实验研究．实验中模拟一般散货船带舱口的上甲板,制作了带孔有机玻璃透明试件,并采用加热法开出孔边裂纹．在数字焦散线实验系统中进行实验,获得了清晰的全场焦散线数字图象．应用焦散线图象自动处理程序精确地测出焦散线的最大直径以计算应力强度因子,并对裂纹尖端初始焦散线引起的实验误差作了处理．实验结果与理论值十分接近,表明船舶甲板开口边缘受拉的Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子与甲板中的总纵拉力成正比．     

三峡升船机塔柱筒体结构温度配筋研究

讨论了现有温度配筋方法的不足,采用钢筋混凝土非线性有限元方法,根据使用阶段最大允许裂缝宽度来合理配置的温度钢筋;并运用这一概念对三峡升船机塔柱筒体结构的温度配筋进行研究,分析了配筋量与裂缝开展、裂缝宽度之间的关系,确定了合理的温度钢筋用量,和现有的方法进行了对比。     

抗磨贝氏体球铁的裂纹形核与扩展

采用压痕法及扫描电镜观察,研究了抗磨贝氏体球铁中裂纹的形核与扩展。实验结果表明,裂纹主要在石墨─基体界面形成,其次在碳化物─基体界面形核。裂纹在石墨─基体界面和碳化物─基体界面的形成机制不同,裂纹优先沿界面扩展。并从热力学的角度对其进行了分析。     

Useful dual Diels-Alder behavior of 2-azetidinone-tethered aryl imines as azadienophiles or azadienes: a beta-lactam-based stereocontrolled access to optically pure highly functionalized indolizidine systems

Imines derived from 4-oxoazetidine-2-carbaldehydes have been found to be versatile Diels-Alder reagents in that they exhibit two reactivity patterns. 2-Azetidinone-tethered imines undergo diastereoselective reaction with Danishefsky's diene in the presence of different Lewis acids. The effect of the amount of catalyst on the conversion rate as well as on the product ratio has been studied. Under standard reaction conditions, indium(III) chloride and zinc(II) iodide provided the best yields, and indium(III) triflate the highest diastereoselectivity in the Lewis acid promoted aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Treatment of the aforementioned imines with cyclopentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene or 3,4-dihydro-2 H-pyran led to cycloadducts arising from inverse electron-demand condensation involving the beta-lactam-tethered aryl imine as the heterodiene component. In addition, the first methodology for preparing indolizidines from beta-lactams has been developed. This process involves amide bond cleavage of the beta-lactam ring in the aza-Diels-Alder cycloadducts with concomitant cyclization. Full chirality transfer occurs when the reaction is performed with an enantiomerically pure substrate.     

Purification and properties of a β-galactosidase with potential application as a digestive supplement

Functional-based screening of crude β-galactosidase activities from 42 yeast strains resulted in the selection of a single enzyme of potential interest as a digestive supplement. β-Galactosidase produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM5418 was purified to homogeneity by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies. The denatured (123 kDa) and native molecular masses (251 kDa) suggest that the enzyme is a homodimer. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 6.8 and 37°C, respectively. The unpurified β-galactosidase in particular displayed a high level of stability when exposed to simulated intestinal conditions in vitro for 4 h. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass sectrometry analysis revealed that the enzyme's trypsin-generated peptide mass fingerprint shares several peptide fragment hits with β-galactosidases from Kluyveromyces lactis. This confirms the enzyme's identity and indicates that significant sequence homology exists between these enzymes.     

Tetraalkylammonium bromides in methanol: Small angle neutron scattering and vapor pressure measurements

Vapor pressure measurements and small angle scattering (SANS) experiments are reported and discussed for bispiperidinium (BP) bromide and n-tetrapentylammonium bromide solutions in methanol at 25°C. The BP⁺ ion which may be considered as a tetraalkylammonium (TAA) ion with pairwise connected alkyl chains, is used for the study of the effects due to flexible TAA alkyl chains. SANS intensities are calibrated with the help of the precise osmotic coefficients from the vapor pressure measurements.     

Small angle X-ray scattering investigations of thermodynamic properties of fluid mixtures

Absolute small angle X-ray studies of concentration fluctuations were performed in order to determine thermodynamic properties of a model blend, consisting ofn-hexane and perfluoro-n-hexane. The quantities which we determined were the second derivate of the Gibbs free energy of mixing with respect to the concentration of the components, the location of the spinodal, interaction and solubility parameters, the energy gradient density coefficient as well as the correlation length of the fluctuations at various compositions and temperatures, particularly in the neighbourhood of the spinodal and the critical point. The data obtained were compared with those obtainable from the well known location of the binodal, to test the reliability of the scattering method.     

Sulfide Gels and Films: Products of Non-Oxide Gelation

The preparation of concentrated sols and transparent stiff gels of II-VI semiconductors nanocrystals is reported. A two-step process for the production of cadmium sulfide is reported. Sol stabilization and gelation control are achieved through successive passivation and depassivation of the surface of the nanocrystals which are complexed with thiols. The mechanisms driving the aggregation and the gelation are explained on the basis of NMR and SAXS experiments. Thin films as well as monoliths can be produced. The general principles of the method presented are not restricted to chalcogenide systems and thus enlarge the domain of application of the inorganic sol-gel process.