2024-T351铝合金在酸性NaCl溶液中SCC行为的电化学噪声检测

 采用电化学噪声技术对2024-T351铝合金在酸性NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂过程进行检测,并通过对电流噪声信号进行时域和频域分析,研究裂纹尖端腐蚀行为以及裂纹萌生和扩展过程的电化学噪声特征,并得出裂纹扩展的判断依据。结果表明,在浸泡初期,电流噪声时频谱中的振幅较小,能量主要集中于高频段,表明电极表面主要发生了膜破裂-再钝化等快反应过程,裂纹处于萌生阶段。随着浸泡时间的增加,电流噪声中出现特征峰。此时,低频段能量逐渐增加,表明裂纹进入扩展阶段。通过对电流噪声信号进行小波分解,可以区分应力腐蚀开裂过程中裂纹萌生和扩展的不同阶段。     

牛津模式对高校科技成果转化的启示

针对高校科技成果转化难的现状,借鉴和分析了牛津大学成立ISIS创新公司推进科技成果转化的做法,总结出牛津模式的创新点,对我国高校科技成果转化提出了具体的建议．     

Large delay tunable slow-light based on high-gain stimulated-Brillouin-scattering amplification in optical fibers

Tunable stimulated-Brillouin-scattering （SBS）-based slow-light in optical fibers has potential applications in optical buffering in the future all-optical router commutation systems. However, due to the low SBS threshold and relatively high realistic signal power, the gain in the usual SBS systems is limited at -30 dB. This paper presents a high-gain SBS scheme to realize large delay slow-light, which benefits from avoiding the depletion of the pump power in a short fiber as SBS media. The experiment demonstrates that, up to 50 dB non-saturated gain has been observed in the single-stage 591.8 m fiber SBS amplification. The slow-light delay can be obtained 52 ns, and the fractional delay can exceed 1.     

无量纲指标免疫检测器在缓变故障检测中的应用研究

本文利用无量纲指标和人工免疫原理构造了五种无量纲指标免疫检测器。提取试验中的数据,采用阴性选择算法、增加编码位数进行编码,检测器能检测到微小的变化,通过多个无量纲指标免疫检测器同时进行交叉检测,再进行集成、融合,使缓变故障得到较准确诊断。实验结果表明了本文所提出的方法的有效性。     

低速多电荷态离子He2+、O2+和Ne2+与W靶表面

本文报道了He2+,O2+和Ne2+与W靶表面相互作用中的动能电子产额随离子入射速度变化的实验测量结果.结果表明：在本实验的入射速度范围内,对同一入射离子,动能电子产额随入射离子的速度增大而线性增加.基于动能电子发射的机理,我们分析了影响动能电子产额的因素,理论上得出动能电子产额与入射速度增长呈线性增加的关系,取得了实验上和理论上一致的结果.     

Effects of flash boiling injection on in-cylinder spray,mixing and combustion of a spark-ignition direct-injection engine

Higher engine efficiency and ever stringent pollutant emission regulations are considered as the most important challenges for today's automotive industry. Fast evaporation and combustion technique has caused unprecedented attention due to its potential to solve both of the above challenges. Flash boiling, which features a two-phase flow that constantly generates vapor bubbles inside the liquid spray is ideal to achieve fast evaporation and combustion inside direct-injection (DI) gasoline engines. In this study, three spray conditions, including liquid, transitional flash boiling and flare flash boiling spray were studied for comparison under cold start condition in a spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) optical gasoline engine. Optical access into the combustion chamber includes a quartz linear and a quartz insert on the piston. In separate experiments, we recorded the crank angle resolved spray morphology using laser scattering technique, and distribution of fuel before ignition employing laser induced fluorescence technology, as well as time-resolved color images of flame with high-speed camera. The spray morphology during the intake stroke shows stronger plume-plume and plume-air interaction under flash boiling condition, as well as smaller penetration. Then around the end of compression (before ignition), the fuel distribution is also shown to be more homogeneous with less cyclic variation under flash boiling. Finally, from the color images of the flame, it was found that with the increase of superheat degree, the diffusion rate of blue flame (generated by excited molecules) is higher, which is considered to be related with the larger fractal dimension of the flame front. Also, the combustion is more complete with less yellow flame under flash boiling.     

植物种质资源缓慢生长法保存研究进展

植物种质资源是人类赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,保持其遗传多样性对实现农业可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。缓慢生长保存法是植物种质资源保存切实可行的方法之一,目前已被广泛应用于植物种质保存中。本中综述了植物种质缓慢生长法保存的原理、方法、影响因素及其遗传稳定性的鉴定等,分析了目前存在的问题,并提出了对策。     

抗谐波锁定的延时锁相环

为了解决传统延时锁相环(DLL)结构在宽频率锁定范围中的无法锁定和谐波锁定问题,在传统DLL结构中加入启动控制电路,使DLL在上电阶段把环路滤波电容上的电压充电至电源电压,从而使压控延时线的初始延时在上电后达到最小,并且小于输入参考信号的1个周期.设计了带开关控制的鉴相器,将DLL的锁定过程分为粗调和微调两个阶段,压控延时线的延时在粗调阶段只能逐渐增大,在微调阶段微调,直到延时为输入参考信号的1个周期,从而克服了无法锁定以及谐波锁定的问题,而且减小了DLL的锁定时间.采用GSMC 0.13μm1P7MCMOS工艺设计、1.2 V的电源电压进行仿真,结果表明该DLL工作频率范围为300～500MHz,功耗小于3mW.     

固体防垢块中的HEDP粉末的制备

用固体防垢块防止油井结垢,有效期长。为筛选制作这种固体块所需的材料,评价了7种膦酸盐防垢剂,发现羟基乙叉二瞵酸(HEDP)对碳酸钙垢具有较高的防止能力,且热稳定性好。将HEDP防垢剂水溶液由一定浓度的NaOH中和后,经烘干、粉碎,可制得水溶性好、防垢率高的HEDP钠盐粉末;另一种方法是在HEDP水溶液中按n(Ca(OH)₂)/n(HEDP)=1.75的比例加入Ca(OH)₂,经过滤、烘干后,可得到能在水中缓慢溶解的HEDP粉末,其主要成分是Ca₂HEDP。上述两种HEDP粉末同聚乙烯混炼,可制备出固体防垢块。     

存在启动压力梯度时的合理注采井距确定

由于流体在低渗透油藏中渗流存在启动压力梯度,在确定低渗透油藏合理注采井距时如何考虑启动压力梯度的影响,是提高低渗透油藏开发效果的主要研究内容之一。根据等产量一源一汇渗流理论,获得了注采单元主流线中点处的最大压力梯度计算式,结合启动压力梯度与渗透率的关系建立了低渗透油藏合理注采井距的确定方法,得到不同渗透率和注采压差下合理注采井距理论图版。实例应用结果表明,所述方法简单实用,分析结果与油田实际情况基本一致。