Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Thermal Stresses on the Nonlinear Thermomolecular Pressure Difference Effect

On the basis of a numerical analysis of the non-Navier-Stokes gas-dynamic equations for slow non-isothermal gas flows, the nonlinear thermomolecular pressure difference effect due to a large temperature gradient along the lateral surface of a capillary is investigated. It is shown that the magnitude of the effect is substantially different from the values calculated using the Navier-Stokes equations. For two models of molecular interaction (Maxwell molecules and hard spheres), the possibility of a quasi-one-dimensional interpretation of the effect for experimental estimation purposes is demonstrated. The solutions of the relaxation kinetic equation for flow in a plane capillary at small Knudsen numbers and the gas-dynamic equations for slow non-isothermal flows are compared and the range of their applicability is estimated.     

博物馆监控视频中慢速移动稀疏目标异常轨迹检测研究

传统异常轨迹检测方法将轨迹序列看作轨迹特征,无法有效描述轨迹,导致异常轨迹检测结果不可靠。为此,提出一种新的博物馆监控视频中慢速移动稀疏目标轨迹检测方法。采用一种快速计算方法对和目标相似度较高的粒子进行筛选,滤除和均值相差较大的粒子。对跟踪目标进行稀疏表示,为了避免目标被干扰或遮挡,进行非负性约束优化,完成稀疏求解,获取博物馆监控视频中慢速移动稀疏目标跟踪结果。依据跟踪结果将可代表整体轨迹的特征向量与部分可代表局部轨迹的特征向量合成一个整体特征向量,利用整体特征向量对慢速移动稀疏目标轨迹进行描述,通过描述结果和K聚类方法实现目标异常轨迹检测。实验结果表明,所提方法检测的异常轨迹与其他轨迹之间的差异最大,检测结果可靠,实际应用性较高。     

Very Low Energy Electrons Transform the Cyclobutane‐Pyrimidine Dimer into a Highly Reactive Intermediate

Electrons with virtually no kinetic energy (close to 0 eV) trigger the decomposition of cytotoxic cyclobutane‐pyrimidine dimer (CPD) into a surprisingly large variety of fragment ions plus their neutral counterparts. The response of CPD to low energy electrons is thus comparable to that of explosives like trinitrotoluene (TNT). The dominant unimolecular reaction is the splitting into two thymine like units, which can be considered as the essential molecular step in the photolyase of CPD. We find that CPD is significantly more sensitive towards low energy electrons than its thymine building blocks. It is proposed that electron attachment at very low energy proceeds via dipole bound states, supported by the large dipole moment of the molecule (6.2 D). These states act as effective doorways to dissociative electron attachment (DEA).     

紧凑型P波段相对论返波振荡器的粒子模拟

 设计了一种紧凑型P波段相对论返波振荡器,其电动力学结构是由同轴慢波结构和同轴引出结构组成的。同轴慢波结构缩小了器件的径向尺寸;同轴引出结构缩短了器件的轴向长度,且提高了束波作用效率。通过粒子模拟研究了器件内束波作用的物理过程,模拟结果表明：器件具有结构紧凑、束波作用效率高的特点。在二极管电压700 kV,电流7 kA,导引磁场1.5 T时,器件在频率833 MHz处获得较高的微波输出,饱和后输出微波的平均功率达1.58 GW,效率约为32%,器件电磁结构尺寸仅为108 mm×856 mm。     

中等能量P波段相对论返波振荡器的理论设计与粒子模拟

提出了一种新型的中等能量P波段相对论返波振荡器,该器件将慢波结构由低波段普遍采用的同轴外波纹结构变为同轴双波纹结构,使得径向束-波作用空间扩大了2倍,一定程度上增加了器件的功率容量;另外同轴双波纹结构还较大提高了器件的时间增长率,从而有效地减小了微波输出饱和时间.经优化设计,该结构在二极管电压300 kV、电流3 kA...     

一种提高相对论返波管功率容量的方法

 对相对论返波管实验中射频击穿现象进行了分析和数值模拟研究,发现谐振反射器和慢波结构的局部场增强诱导了场致电子发射,引起了金属表面的射频击穿,通过研究分析,提出采用分布反馈式谐振反射器,并采用梯形倒角非均匀慢波结构替换正弦慢波结构的方法来抑制射频击穿。数值模拟研究表明,在微波功率2 GW时,改进后的反射器最大场强由1.4 MV/cm降低为570 kV/cm,慢波结构表面最大电场由1.1 MV/cm降低到780 kV/cm。改进后的结构在二极管电压765 kV时获得了微波功率2.2 GW、脉宽45 ns的实验结果,微波功率和脉宽得到显著提升。     

高频正弦波振荡器调测之探索

正弦波振荡器广泛用于各种电子设备中 ;本文对正弦波振荡器调测的理论依据、调测方法以及调测过程中出现问题的排除方法进行了探讨     

高压水电阻起动柜在矿井主通风机方面的技术应用

首先,介绍GSDQ-1000型高压水电阻起动柜的原理、结构组成和控制方式;然后,结合现场条件,分析它在鹤煤八矿广场抽风机房电控方面的技术应用。经过实践证明,高压水电阻起动柜在矿井通风机领域内具有显著的安全效益。     

频率色散移动信道的仿真模型分析

通过分析频率色散移动信道的衰落特性，分别对该信道在快衰落特性，慢衰落特性以及同时考虑快衰落和慢衰落这三种情况下建立了数学模型和计算机仿真模型，并对计算机仿真结果进行了分析，提出了相应结论。     

Critical review of the molecular topology of semicrystalline polymers: The origin and assessment of intercrystalline tie molecules and chain entanglements

Intercrystalline molecular connections in semicrystalline polymers have been the subject of numerous discussions and controversies. Nevertheless, there is one point of agreement: such intercrystalline tie molecules have a prime role in the mechanical and use properties of the materials, notably the resistance to slow crack growth. This article is a critical review of the mechanisms of generation of the tie molecules during the stage of crystallization and of the experimental and theoretical assessment of their concentration. Polyethylene and related materials are mainly studied. The contribution of chain entanglements is also discussed in parallel with tie molecules. Particular attention is paid to Huang and Brown's statistical approach, which appears to be the most appropriate one for predictive purposes and has aroused much interest from various authors. Attempts are made to provide solutions to the shortcomings of this model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1729–1748, 2005