降雨条件下不同类型植被边坡稳定性的研究

降雨对植被边坡稳定性的影响是目前生态护坡领域研究的热门话题。基于Midas GTS/NX软件,结合张家口地区某边坡工程背景并选取当地常见的护坡植被,针对裸露边坡、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)植被边坡、小叶黄杨(Buxus microphylla)植被边坡以及高羊茅-小叶黄杨混合植被边坡4种工况,对降雨条件下边坡内部土体孔隙水压力随时间的变化以及边坡稳定性的大小进行对比分析。结果表明：在相同的降雨强度和降雨时长条件下,3种植被边坡的入渗速率均小于裸露边坡,植被边坡相对于裸露边坡有着更好的持水能力。在4种不同类型的植被边坡中,高羊茅植被边坡孔隙水压力增幅最小,位于坡顶、坡面、坡底的土体仍然维持了部分基质吸力,高羊茅植被减小了降雨的影响深度。降雨结束后,高羊茅植被边坡较其他植被边坡安全系数最大,高羊茅植被增加了边坡土体的有效应力,更能有效地提升边坡的稳定性。上述研究旨在为降雨对植被边坡的影响提供参考,为半干旱地区的植被护坡技术提供指导。     

聚氯乙烯三乙撑四胺负载钯配合物的制备及对Heck反应的催化性能

以聚氯乙烯为原料, 通过胺化反应制得聚氯乙烯三乙撑四胺, 然后用较简单方法得到聚氯乙烯三乙撑四胺负载钯配合物(PVC-TETA-Pd), 利用XPS, TG, DTA和TEM等手段对其进行了表征. 热分析表明PVC-TETA-Pd在室温至250 ℃范围内有很好的热稳定性; TEM分析证实钯在PVC-TETA-Pd中分布比较均匀, 钯颗粒呈球形, 粒径在2～3 nm. PVC-TETA-Pd不需在惰性气体氛围中就能有效地催化丙烯酸、苯乙烯与芳基碘的Heck芳基化反应, 并且在较低的温度(40 ℃)或较少的催化剂用量(0.02%)下, 对Heck反应仍有较好的催化性能. PVC-TETA-Pd便于回收, 且有很好的重复使用性能, 对于碘苯与丙烯酸的反应, 重复使用十二次, 肉桂酸的产率仍达到80.1%.     

新型的承载双金属氰化物络合催化剂

用双金属氰化物(DMC)络合催化剂可制得相对分子质量高、相对分子质量分布窄和不饱和度低的聚醚多元醇。为提高DMC催化剂的利用率,降低催化剂和聚醚的生产成本,国外开发了承载的DMC催化剂。它不仅可简化聚醚的后处理工艺,而且使聚醚的连续化大规模生产得以实现,因此代表了DMC催化剂的一个重要发展方向。     

苯氧乙酸烯丙酯的合成

对苯酚和氯乙酸的Williamson反应加以改进,使苯氧乙酸的收率达到95．4％。并以苯氧乙酸和烯丙醇为原料,活性碳负载磷钨酸为催化剂,合成了苯氧乙酸烯丙酯。考察了两个反应的主要影响因素。     

钯系高分子载体催化剂对硝基苯液相加氢催化活性的研究

制备了以弱碱性（ＡＨ－１、ＡＨ－２ХＨ）、中等碱性（ＡＨ－３１、ЭⅡЭ－１０∏）以及强碱性（ＡＢ－１７－８、ＡＢ－１６ΓＣ）等阴离子交换树脂为载体的钯系催化剂,测定了它们硝基苯催化加氢的活性,其中Ｐｄ－ＡＨ－１、Ｐｄ－ＡＢ－１６ГＣ和Ｐｄ－ＡＢ－１７－８的活性较好。本文还分析了树脂结构对催化活性的影响。     

Efficient Multi‐component Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazoles Utilizing P2O5/SiO2 as a Reusable Catalyst

Phosphorus pentoxide supported on silica gel (P₂O₅/SiO₂) has been used as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the one‐pot pseudo four‐component synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazoles from benzil or benzoin, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate. It was also used for four‐component preparation of 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles from benzil or benzoin, aldehydes, primary amine, and ammonium acetate under thermal solvent‐free conditions. The remarkable features of this new procedure are high conversions, cleaner reaction, simple experimental and work‐up procedures and also the catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused several times without any loss of its activity.     

On the Stability of Pt-Based Catalysts in HBr/Br2 Solution

Stability studies on supported metal nanoparticles are essential for gaining insight into the design and optimization of high-performance materials. In this work, the dissolutions of Pt-based catalysts in HBr/Br₂ mixture of various concentration regimes were studied and correlated with material structural properties. The dissolution of metal nanoparticles was enhanced by adding Br₂ to the HBr solution. Comparing with commercial Pt/C catalyst, the well-alloyed PtIr/C catalyst was observed to exhibit high resistance towards dissolution. In addition, regulating the accessibility of the metal sites to dissolution-inducing species contributed to the marked stability of the nanoparticles in HBr/Br₂ solutions, as shown for the surface-modified PtIr/C catalysts with organic diamine molecules.     

含有冠醚基团的有机硅化合物 Ⅲ.烯氧甲基15-冠-5和18-冠-6的硅氢化

本文报道了烯丙氧甲基及十一烯氧甲基15-冠-5与18-冠-6的合成、硅氢化、固载化,以及所得到的气相法二氧化硅固载的冠醚和含冠醚侧基的有机硅树脂对苦味酸钠、钾的络合容量和正溴壬烷碘代反应的相转移催化活性。     

Efficient Tandem Synthesis of Methyl Esters and Imines by Using Versatile Hydrotalcite‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles

Efficient basic hydrotalcite (HT)‐supported gold nanoparticle (AuNP) catalysts have been developed for the aerobic oxidative tandem synthesis of methyl esters and imines from primary alcohols catalyzed under mild and soluble‐base‐free conditions. The catalytic performance can be fine‐tuned for these cascade reactions by simple adjustment of the Mg/Al atomic ratio of the HT support. The one‐pot synthesis of methyl esters benefits from high basicity (Mg/Al=5), whereas moderate basicity greatly improves imine selectivity (Mg/Al=2). These catalysts outperform previously reported AuNP catalysts by far. Kinetic studies show a cooperative enhancement between AuNP and the surface basic sites, which not only benefits the oxidation of the starting alcohol but also the subsequent steps of the tandem reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that straightforward control of the composition of the support has been shown to yield optimum AuNP catalysts for different tandem reactions.     

Catalytic Gas‐Phase Production of Lactide from Renewable Alkyl Lactates

A new route to lactide, which is a key building block of the bioplastic polylactic acid, is proposed involving a continuous catalytic gas‐phase transesterification of renewable alkyl lactates in a scalable fixed‐bed setup. Supported TiO₂/SiO₂ catalysts are highly selective to lactide, with only minimal lactide racemization. The solvent‐free process allows for easy product separation and recycling of unconverted alkyl lactates and recyclable lactyl intermediates. The catalytic activity of TiO₂/SiO₂ catalysts was strongly correlated to their optical properties by DR UV/Vis spectroscopy. Catalysts with high band‐gap energy of the supported TiO₂ phase, indicative of a high surface spreading of isolated Ti centers, show the highest turnover frequency per Ti site.