长白山西坡小叶章种群迅速扩张对火灾风险的影响

本文选择长白山西坡林线下缘为研究区,采用样方调查方法,对各种植物的频度、盖度和生长高度等生态指标进行分析,应用常规统计方法揭示小叶章在群落中的地位与影响,分析小叶章种群迅速扩张可能带来的火灾问题,结果表明小叶章通过生长高度的竞争优势强烈排斥其他植物,增加盖度,成为这个地带的优势种。小叶章在春秋两季是易燃物质,很容易引起火灾。因此应该采取一系列措施应对这种情况,使保护工作不断升级,维系长白山生态系统。     

斜坡海床上管道位置对其周围冲刷影响试验

斜坡海床上不同管道位置会引起不同冲刷,会对海床形态演变产生影响,因此管道周围的海床床面变化对于管道的铺设极为重要。在波浪水槽中,采用中值粒径为0.38 mm 原型沙铺设1∶15坡度的底床模型进行试验,测量波浪作用下不同管道位置的床面形态。通过测量和计算管后冲刷坑深度、沙坝和沙坑到坡脚的距离,分析管道位置对沙质斜坡海床上床面形态演变的影响规律。试验结果表明,管道存在使波浪在破碎点附近波高增加,管道搁置在相对水深比Δ=0.36处与无管条件相比,波高增加幅度接近10%;随着相对水深比Δ减小,管后冲刷坑最大值先减小后增大,管道搁置在Δ=0.47处,管后冲刷坑最大值约为0.2倍管径,对床面形态影响最小;随着管道距离破碎点越近,形成的沙坝位置向岸方向移动。     

基于RS-BPNN理论的边坡稳定性预测及应用

从文献资料中收集并整理了45组各类危险边坡数据实例,结合粗糙集理论的数据挖掘功能和BP神经网络理论的非线性映射功能,建立了基于粗糙集-BP神经网络(RS-BPNN)理论的边坡稳定性预测模型.利用粗糙集对离散化后的数据进行了属性约简,利用神经网络对约简前后的数据进行了网络训练和仿真,并对其中五组边坡的安全系数和稳定状态进行了预测.结果表明,未经约简的BP网络安全系数预测的平均误差率为14.51%,约简后的RS-BP网络预测的平均误差率为7.24%,且经过粗糙集约简后边坡的预测状态与边坡的实际状态更加吻合.     

Composition assessment of ferric oxide by accurate peak fitting of the Fe 2p photoemission spectrum

A quantitative study of the surface composition of ferric oxide employing photoemission spectra is presented. It was possible to accurately reproduce the expected composition (Fe_2.00±0.05O₃) by modeling the background as a combination of Shirley‐type (Shirley–Vegh–Salvi–Castle) and slope backgrounds through the active approach. The line‐shape employed to fit apparent peak asymmetries was the double‐Lorentzian. It was possible to resolve a previously unreported satellite located at ~729 eV. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive hierarchic transformations for dynamically p-enriched slope-limiting over discontinuous Galerkin systems of generalized equations

We study a family of generalized slope limiters in two dimensions for Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) solutions of advection-diffusion systems. We analyze the numerical behavior of these limiters applied to a pair of model problems, comparing the error of the approximate solutions, and discuss each limiter’s advantages and disadvantages. We then introduce a series of coupled p-enrichment schemes that may be used as standalone dynamic p-enrichment strategies, or may be augmented via any in the family of variable-in-p slope limiters presented.     

光模块消光比的补偿方法

提出了一种新型光模块消光比补偿方法。该方法首先根据不同温度下驱动芯片上报电流的大小,结合光功率和消光比的计算公式,模拟出激光器光功率随电流及电压的变化曲线。然后根据要求调整激光器调制电流的大小,以保持消光比的稳定。该补偿方式有效地解决了光器件一致性较差的问题,可以将原来斜效率的指标适当放宽10%,从而提高了利用率和成品率,降低了模块生产成本。     

高功率光纤激光器二级抽运技术的理论分析

从理论上分析了高功率光纤激光器直接抽运和二级抽运的斜率效率和热管理问题. 计算结果表明:波长为975 nm的激光直接抽运产生波长为1070 nm的激光时,理论斜率效率为80%,但当抽运光功率为10 kW时,在强制水冷条件下纤芯极值温度也难以降到150 ℃以下;在二级抽运技术中,波长为1018 nm的激光抽运产生波长为1070 nm的激光时,若采用传统的包层抽运技术,其斜率效率不足20%,如果抽运功率填充因子由0.0025提高到0.1,则理论上斜率效率可由18.5%提高到80.9%,从而总斜率效率由15.5 关键词： 二级抽运 功率填充因子 斜率效率 热管理     

基于多级微反射镜的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中准直误差的分析

通过对基于多级微反射镜的空间调制傅里叶变换红外光谱仪准直误差的分析,模拟了准直误差的存在而导致的干涉图大光程差处对比度反转和光谱图边频噪声的产生。讨论了在不同的误差系数下复原光谱图的信噪比和分辨率,并且分析了干涉图大光程差处对比反转以及光谱图边频分量的产生原因。仿真结果表明,在误差系数α=0.15°.mm-1时,光谱的信噪比会下降到6 dB,同时光谱分辨率会退化到13.4cm-1。本文的结论将应用于微型光谱仪系统的光学设计与装调。     

Design of solids for antigravity motion illusion

This paper presents a method for designing solid shapes containing slopes where orientation appears opposite to the actual orientation when observed from a unique vantage viewpoint. The resulting solids generate a new type of visual illusion, which we call “impossible motion”, in which balls placed on the slopes appear to roll uphill thereby defying the law of gravity. This is possible because a single retinal image lacks depth information and human visual perception tries to interpret images as the most familiar shape even though there are infinitely many possible interpretations. We specify the set of all possible solids represented by a single picture as the solution set of a system of equations and inequalities, and then relax the constraints in such a way that the antigravity slopes can be reconstructed. We present this design procedure with examples.