Precision-cut liver slices from rats of different ages: basal cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities and inducibility

The biotransformation capacity – of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system for example – is lower but inducibility is more pronounced in neonates than in adults. On the other hand, both enzyme activities and inducibility decline with senescence. Precision-cut rat liver slices are widely used as an in vitro tool for the examination of drug toxicity, xenobiotic metabolism or enzyme induction. The aim of the present study was to assess whether age-related changes in CYP activities and induction observed in vivo are also mirrored in vitro in liver slices. For this purpose, different CYP model reactions were measured in precision-cut liver slices from one-day-old, 40-day-old and one-year-old rats after in vitro exposure to various inducers. Similar to the in vivo situation, basal CYP activities were distinctly lower and inducibility was much more pronounced in liver slices from neonatal than in those from adult animals. Also, enzyme activities were mostly somewhat lower in liver slices from aged rats compared to those from 40-day-old rats. However, CYP inducibility was less pronounced than with younger animals too. Thus, precision-cut rat liver slices are a suitable in vitro tool for investigating age-related changes in CYP activities and induction as well as developmental differences in drug metabolism and toxicity.     

基于改进卷积神经网络的中药饮片图像识别

为解决AlexNet网络模型在中药饮片图像识别中存在的识别准确率和鲁棒性不够理想的问题,以常见的50种中药饮片为研究对象,对AlexNet网络模型进行改进优化。首先通过拍摄以及搜索引擎获取中药饮片图像,并对图像进行数据扩充以及细节增强预处理。其次对AlexNet网络模型进行优化改进,通过缩减原网络的卷积核个数和卷积核大小、使用全局平均池化(global average pooling, GAP)替代全连接层以减少网络参数;去除局部响应归一化(local response normalization, LRN)层、引入批量归一化(batch normalization, BN)层和使用Lion优化算法替代随机梯度下降(stochastic gradient descent, SGD)优化算法以提高网络训练速度;使用Mish激活函数替代ReLU激活函数和引入通道注意力机制SENet网络以提高模型的识别精度。实验结果表明,改进后的网络模型相比于AlexNet网络模型,平均识别率提高了6.1%,平均损失率下降了14.4%,网络参数由原来的60 M缩减至1 M,该结果表明在中药饮片数据集上,改进...     

高精度激光参数测量系统中衰减系统的研究与评价

分析了楔形镜和中性玻璃衰减片组对光束的衰减原理,采用反射式楔形镜作为无像差定量衰减器,并同时使用中性玻璃衰减片组微调光束能量。实验测量了LD泵浦激光模式发生器基模和高阶模条件下激光束的M2因子,结果表明：楔形镜反射式衰减器对光束质量无显著影响,将楔形镜第一次表面反射作为无像差定量衰减,入射角在0~55°范围内,单棱镜表面反射光束能量为入射光能量的4.3%,通过多块组合可以得到更大的衰减;可采用中性玻璃衰减片组对激光光束的衰减进行精细控制,使其满足CCD探测器动态范围要求。该结论可为高精度激光参数测量装置光衰减系统的研制提供理论依据。