Vulgarisins B–D,three novel diterpenoids with a rare skeleton isolated from Prunella vulgaris Linn

Three new diterpenoids, vulgarisins B–D (1–3), have been isolated from a medicinal plant Prunella vulgaris Linn. These diterpenoids contain a rare 5/6/4/5 fused tetracyclic ring skeleton. Their structures were determined through the analysis of spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as CD analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activity, vulgarisins B (1) and C (2) demonstrated modest cytotoxicity activity against human lung carcinoma A549 cell line.     

MARKOV SKELETON PROCESS IN PERT NETWORKS

In this article, we investigate Programming Evaluation and Review Technique networks with independently and generally distributed activity durations. For any path in this network, we select all the activities related to this path such that the completion time of the sub-network （only consisting of all the related activities） is equal to the completion time of this path. We use the elapsed time as the supplementary variables and model this sub-network as a Markov skeleton process, the state space is related to the subnetwork structure. Then use the backward equation to compute the distribution of the sub-network＇s completion time, which is an important rule in project management and scheduling.     

基于红外图像处理的埋地石油管道自动探测技术

埋地石油管道的辅助巡线以及对偷油支管的快速定位与排查是目前油田亟待解决的问题．为此，根据输油管道加温后辐射红外能量的特点，提出了应用红外热成像技术探测埋地输油管道的方法．介绍了基于非制冷红外焦平面阵列的，具有便携、实时成像特点的红外管道探测仪的硬件设计；在对原始红外图像进行去噪和增强的基础上，采用基于最大类内距离比准则的递归带通分割法对输油管道的红外图像进行自动阈值分割，并结合Freeman直线链码方法对细化后的图像进行骨架跟踪处理，提取管道主干，标记管道走向并定位偷油支管分支．实验证明，本算法自适应性好，执行效率高，管道定位准确，实现了埋地输油管道的自动检测．     

基于Lab颜色空间的彩色等差线骨架线的提取

提出一种基于Lab颜色空间的彩色等差线提取新技术,即针对白光光源的彩色等差线条纹图特点,将图像从RGB颜色空间转换到Lab颜色空间a通道,实现对彩色等差线条纹的精确提取.     

支持变型设计的装配模型建模方法

指出产品结构变型主要有纵向布局结构变化和横向布局结构变化两种基本形式，在装配模型层次化的基础上，将顶层基本骨架作为自顶向下设计建模时传递信息的纽带，以Pro/ENGINEER为技术平台，提出适应快速变型设计要求的装配模型的建模方法，从而实现产品的变型设计和系列化设计。     

Novel synthetic approach to alfaprostol key intermediates via Stille coupling with an alkyne

Novel intermediates based on the Corey skeleton for preparation of the ω-chain of non-halogenated unnatural prostaglandin analogues containing a triple bond at position 13–14 (PG numbering) were synthesized. The utilization of a novel synthetic approach towards a new tin intermediate, and subsequent Stille coupling opens up new possibilities for preparing these important pharmaceutical intermediates.     

Using a virtual skeleton to increase printability of topology optimized design for industry-class applications

This article broadens the scheme previously developed to associate topology optimization with additive manufacturing through the use of a virtual skeleton, consisting in solving the same physical problem with a discrete approach and then with a continuum one. This procedure for 3D designs is applied to various domain geometries, to demonstrate its pertinence on high-resolution industrial cases. An algorithm searching for the best printing direction, exploring the solid angle, is also described and validated; the surface-shaped presentation of the result allows immediate understanding of the influence of the discrete problem parameters, while its running time is much lower than a unique continuum optimization simulation, which proves the attractiveness of the method. In the three examples studied, the procedure outputs exhibit greater printability than the ones produced by traditional methods in each of the printing direction tested, albeit responsibility is left to the final user to choose his best trade-off. Furthermore, the unprintable zones are readily displayed to be either reworked or supported. Explanations about increase of convergence likelihood on discrete structures despite the geometry complexity of an industrial application are also provided and demonstrated.     

Localization Phenomena in Liquid-Saturatedand Empty Porous Solids

Localization phenomena occur as a result of local concentrations of plastic deformations in small bands of finite width (shear bands). Porous materials, as, for instance, soil, rock, concrete and sinter materials as well as polymeric and metallic foams exhibit a strong tendency towards shear banding caused by plastic dilatation in the brittle deformation range. This kind of behaviour is of great practical importance in engineering design, for example in the study and computation of failure mechanisms in soil mechanics (base failure, slope failure, etc.). From the mathematical point of view, the computation of localization phenomena, for example within the framework of the finite element method (FEM), yields an ill-posed problem, since each mesh refinement leads to smaller shear bands until one obtains (ideally) a singular surface. Following this, regularization mechanisms should be introduced to obtain reliable and robust results.In the present article, two natural regularization mechanisms for liquid-saturated and empty granular porous materials are discussed. These mechanisms are (1) the inclusion of additional independent degrees of freedom in the sense of the Cosserat brothers for the granular porous solid and (2) the inclusion of pore-fluid viscosity in the saturated case.     

人体手臂阻抗控制研究

阻抗控制对于人体运动稳定性,尤其在进行不稳定任务时有着不可替代的贡献.本文由屈伸肌活性在实验测量和理论计算的误差得到启发,提出了即使在手臂平面自由运动中,肌肉的共同收缩对阻抗也有贡献的观点,运用神经肌肉骨骼模型及最优控制方法,计算出手臂运动轨迹,运动部分代人原有模型得到相似结论,把公式中的相互作用项解释为阻抗贡献,并综合多篇相关文献数据,推算出共同收缩阻抗,修正了旧有模型刚度椭圆单调变化的不足,通过仿真得到与实验基本一致的刚度椭圆图,并附加得出前后自由运动时手臂的共同收缩比左右运动时的幅度要大,对总体刚度椭圆的贡献更多".